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83 [eighty-three]

Past tense 3

‫83 [שמונים ושלוש]‬ 83 [shmonim w'shalosh]	‫עבר 3‬ avar 3

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African Languages

In Africa, a great deal of different languages are spoken. No other continent has so many different languages. The variety of African languages is impressive. It is estimated that there are about 2,000 African languages. However, all of these languages are not alike! Quite the opposite – they are often completely different! The languages of Africa belong to four different language families. Some African languages have one-of-a-kind characteristics. For example, there are sounds that foreigners cannot imitate. Land boundaries are not always linguistic boundaries in Africa. In some regions, there are a great deal of different languages. In Tanzania, for example, languages from all four families are spoken. Afrikaans is an exception among the African languages. This language came into being in the colonial period. At that time people from different continents met each other. They came from Africa, Europe and Asia. A new language developed out of these contact situations. Afrikaans exhibits influences from many languages. It is most closely related to Dutch, however. Today Afrikaans is spoken in South Africa and Namibia more than anywhere else. The most unusual African language is the drum language. Every message can be theoretically sent with drums. The languages that are communicated with drums are tonal languages. The meaning of words or syllables depends on the pitch of the tones. That means that the tones have to be imitated by the drums. The drum language is even understood by children in Africa. And it is very efficient… The drum language can be heard for up to 12 kilometers!

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to make a call	‫_ט_פ_‬ l_t_l_e_ ‫לטלפן‬ l'talfen ‫______ l_______ ‫לטלפן‬ l'talfen _______ ________ ‫לטלפן‬ l'talfen
I made a call.	‫_נ_ ט_פ_ת_._ a_i t_l_a_t_. ‫אני טלפנתי.‬ ani tilfanti. ‫___ ט_______ a__ t________ ‫אני טלפנתי.‬ ani tilfanti. ____ ________ ___ _________ ‫אני טלפנתי.‬ ani tilfanti.
I was talking on the phone all the time.	‫_ל ה_מ_ ט_פ_ת_._ k_l h_z_a_ t_l_a_t_. ‫כל הזמן טלפנתי.‬ kol hazman tilfanti. ‫__ ה___ ט_______ k__ h_____ t________ ‫כל הזמן טלפנתי.‬ kol hazman tilfanti. ___ ____ ________ ___ ______ _________ ‫כל הזמן טלפנתי.‬ kol hazman tilfanti.

to ask	‫_ש_ו_‬ l_s_'_l ‫לשאול‬ lish'ol ‫______ l______ ‫לשאול‬ lish'ol _______ _______ ‫לשאול‬ lish'ol
I asked.	‫_נ_ ש_ל_י_‬ a_i s_a_a_t_. ‫אני שאלתי.‬ ani sha'alti. ‫___ ש______ a__ s________ ‫אני שאלתי.‬ ani sha'alti. ____ _______ ___ _________ ‫אני שאלתי.‬ ani sha'alti.
I always asked.	‫_מ_ד ש_ל_י_‬ t_m_d s_a_a_t_. ‫תמיד שאלתי.‬ tamid sha'alti. ‫____ ש______ t____ s________ ‫תמיד שאלתי.‬ tamid sha'alti. _____ _______ _____ _________ ‫תמיד שאלתי.‬ tamid sha'alti.

to narrate	‫_ס_ר_ l_s_p_r ‫לספר‬ lesaper ‫_____ l______ ‫לספר‬ lesaper ______ _______ ‫לספר‬ lesaper
I narrated.	‫_נ_ ס_פ_ת_._ a_i s_p_r_i_ ‫אני סיפרתי.‬ ani siparti. ‫___ ס_______ a__ s_______ ‫אני סיפרתי.‬ ani siparti. ____ ________ ___ ________ ‫אני סיפרתי.‬ ani siparti.
I narrated the whole story.	‫_י_ר_י א_ כ_ ה_י_ו_._ s_p_r_i e_ k_l h_s_p_r_ ‫סיפרתי את כל הסיפור.‬ siparti et kol hasipur. ‫______ א_ כ_ ה_______ s______ e_ k__ h_______ ‫סיפרתי את כל הסיפור.‬ siparti et kol hasipur. _______ __ __ ________ _______ __ ___ ________ ‫סיפרתי את כל הסיפור.‬ siparti et kol hasipur.

to study	‫_ל_ו_‬ l_l_o_ ‫ללמוד‬ lilmod ‫______ l_____ ‫ללמוד‬ lilmod _______ ______ ‫ללמוד‬ lilmod
I studied.	‫_נ_ ל_ד_י_‬ a_i l_m_d_t_. ‫אני למדתי.‬ ani lamadeti. ‫___ ל______ a__ l________ ‫אני למדתי.‬ ani lamadeti. ____ _______ ___ _________ ‫אני למדתי.‬ ani lamadeti.
I studied the whole evening.	‫_מ_ת_ כ_ ה_ר_._ l_m_d_t_ k_l h_'_r_v_ ‫למדתי כל הערב.‬ lamadeti kol ha'erev. ‫_____ כ_ ה_____ l_______ k__ h_______ ‫למדתי כל הערב.‬ lamadeti kol ha'erev. ______ __ ______ ________ ___ ________ ‫למדתי כל הערב.‬ lamadeti kol ha'erev.

to work	‫_ע_ו_‬ l_'_v_d ‫לעבוד‬ la'avod ‫______ l______ ‫לעבוד‬ la'avod _______ _______ ‫לעבוד‬ la'avod
I worked.	‫_נ_ ע_ד_י_‬ a_i a_a_e_i_ ‫אני עבדתי.‬ ani avadeti. ‫___ ע______ a__ a_______ ‫אני עבדתי.‬ ani avadeti. ____ _______ ___ ________ ‫אני עבדתי.‬ ani avadeti.
I worked all day long.	‫_ב_ת_ כ_ ה_ו_._ a_a_e_i k_l h_y_m_ ‫עבדתי כל היום.‬ avadeti kol hayom. ‫_____ כ_ ה_____ a______ k__ h_____ ‫עבדתי כל היום.‬ avadeti kol hayom. ______ __ ______ _______ ___ ______ ‫עבדתי כל היום.‬ avadeti kol hayom.

to eat	‫_א_ו_‬ l_'_k_o_ ‫לאכול‬ le'ekhol ‫______ l_______ ‫לאכול‬ le'ekhol _______ ________ ‫לאכול‬ le'ekhol
I ate.	‫_נ_ א_ל_י_‬ a_i a_h_l_i_ ‫אני אכלתי.‬ ani akhalti. ‫___ א______ a__ a_______ ‫אני אכלתי.‬ ani akhalti. ____ _______ ___ ________ ‫אני אכלתי.‬ ani akhalti.
I ate all the food.	‫_כ_ת_ א_ כ_ ה_ו_ל_‬ a_h_l_i e_ k_l h_'_k_e_. ‫אכלתי את כל האוכל.‬ akhalti et kol ha'okhel. ‫_____ א_ כ_ ה______ a______ e_ k__ h________ ‫אכלתי את כל האוכל.‬ akhalti et kol ha'okhel. ______ __ __ _______ _______ __ ___ _________ ‫אכלתי את כל האוכל.‬ akhalti et kol ha'okhel.

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