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66 [sixty-six]

Possessive pronouns 1

‫66 [شصت و شش]‬ 66 [shast-o-shesh]	‫ضمائر ملکی 1‬ zamâyere melki 1

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Code-switching

More and more people are growing up bilingual. They can speak more than one language. Many of these people often switch languages. They decide which language to use depending on the situation. For example, they speak a different language at work than at home. By doing so, they adapt themselves to their environment. But there is also the possibility of switching languages spontaneously. This phenomenon is called code-switching . In code-switching, the language gets switched in the middle of speaking. There could be many reasons why speakers switch languages. Often, they don't find the appropriate word in one language. They can express themselves better in the other language. It can also be that the speaker feels more confident in one of the languages. They use this language for private or personal things. Sometimes a certain word doesn't exist in a language. In this case the speaker must switch languages. Or they switch languages so that they aren't understood. In that case code-switching works like a secret language. Earlier, mixing languages was criticized. It was thought that the speaker couldn't speak either language correctly. Today it is viewed differently. Code-switching is recognized as a special linguistic competence. It can be interesting to observe speakers using code-switching. Often, they don't just switch the language they're speaking. Other communicative elements change as well. Many speak faster, louder or more accentuated in the other language. Or they suddenly use more gestures and facial expressions. In this way, code-switching is always a little bit of culture-switching too…

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I – my	‫_ن – م_ل م_‬ m_n - m_l_ m_n ‫من – مال من‬ man - mâle man ‫__ – م__ م__ m__ - m___ m__ ‫من – مال من‬ man - mâle man ___ _ ___ ___ ___ _ ____ ___ ‫من – مال من‬ man - mâle man
I can’t find my key.	‫_ن ک_ی_م ر_ پ_د_ ن_ی_ک_م_‬ m_n k_l_d_m r_ p_y_â n_m_k_n_m_ ‫من کلیدم را پیدا نمی‌کنم.‬ man kelidam râ peydâ nemikonam. ‫__ ک____ ر_ پ___ ن________ m__ k______ r_ p____ n_________ ‫من کلیدم را پیدا نمی‌کنم.‬ man kelidam râ peydâ nemikonam. ___ _____ __ ____ _________ ___ _______ __ _____ __________ ‫من کلیدم را پیدا نمی‌کنم.‬ man kelidam râ peydâ nemikonam.
I can’t find my ticket.	‫_ن ب_ی_ ا_و_و_م ر_ پ_د_ ن_ی_ک_م_‬ m_n b_l_t_ o_o_u_a_ r_ p_y_â n_m_k_n_m_ ‫من بلیط اتوبوسم را پیدا نمی‌کنم.‬ man belite otobusam râ peydâ nemikonam. ‫__ ب___ ا______ ر_ پ___ ن________ m__ b_____ o_______ r_ p____ n_________ ‫من بلیط اتوبوسم را پیدا نمی‌کنم.‬ man belite otobusam râ peydâ nemikonam. ___ ____ _______ __ ____ _________ ___ ______ ________ __ _____ __________ ‫من بلیط اتوبوسم را پیدا نمی‌کنم.‬ man belite otobusam râ peydâ nemikonam.

you – your	‫_و_ م_ل ت_‬ t_ - m_l_ t_ ‫تو- مال تو‬ to - mâle to ‫___ م__ ت__ t_ - m___ t_ ‫تو- مال تو‬ to - mâle to ____ ___ ___ __ _ ____ __ ‫تو- مال تو‬ to - mâle to
Have you found your key?	‫_ل_د_ ر_ پ_د_ ک_د_؟_ k_l_d_t r_ p_y_â k_r_i_ ‫کلیدت را پیدا کردی؟‬ kelidat râ peydâ kardi? ‫_____ ر_ پ___ ک_____ k______ r_ p____ k_____ ‫کلیدت را پیدا کردی؟‬ kelidat râ peydâ kardi? ______ __ ____ ______ _______ __ _____ ______ ‫کلیدت را پیدا کردی؟‬ kelidat râ peydâ kardi?
Have you found your ticket?	‫_ل_ط ا_و_و_ت ر_ پ_د_ ک_د_؟_ b_l_t_ o_o_u_a_ r_ p_y_â k_r_i_ ‫بلیط اتوبوست را پیدا کردی؟‬ belite otobusat râ peydâ kardi? ‫____ ا______ ر_ پ___ ک_____ b_____ o_______ r_ p____ k_____ ‫بلیط اتوبوست را پیدا کردی؟‬ belite otobusat râ peydâ kardi? _____ _______ __ ____ ______ ______ ________ __ _____ ______ ‫بلیط اتوبوست را پیدا کردی؟‬ belite otobusat râ peydâ kardi?

he – his	‫_و_م_د_- م_ل ا_‬ o_ (_a_d_ - m_l_ o_ ‫او(مرد)- مال او‬ oo (mard) - mâle oo ‫________ م__ ا__ o_ (_____ - m___ o_ ‫او(مرد)- مال او‬ oo (mard) - mâle oo _________ ___ ___ __ ______ _ ____ __ ‫او(مرد)- مال او‬ oo (mard) - mâle oo
Do you know where his key is?	‫_ی_د_ن_ ک_ی_ ا_ ک_ا_ت_‬ m_d_n_ k_l_d_ o_ k_j_s_? ‫می‌دانی کلید او کجاست؟‬ midâni kelide oo kojâst? ‫_______ ک___ ا_ ک______ m_____ k_____ o_ k______ ‫می‌دانی کلید او کجاست؟‬ midâni kelide oo kojâst? ________ ____ __ _______ ______ ______ __ _______ ‫می‌دانی کلید او کجاست؟‬ midâni kelide oo kojâst?
Do you know where his ticket is?	‫_ی_د_ن_ ب_ی_ ا_و_و_ش ک_ا_ت_‬ m_d_n_ b_l_t_ o_o_u_a_h k_j_s_? ‫می‌دانی بلیط اتوبوسش کجاست؟‬ midâni belite otobusash kojâst? ‫_______ ب___ ا______ ک______ m_____ b_____ o________ k______ ‫می‌دانی بلیط اتوبوسش کجاست؟‬ midâni belite otobusash kojâst? ________ ____ _______ _______ ______ ______ _________ _______ ‫می‌دانی بلیط اتوبوسش کجاست؟‬ midâni belite otobusash kojâst?

she – her	‫_و_ز_)_ م_ل ا_‬ o_ (_a_) - m_l_ o_ ‫او(زن)- مال او‬ oo (zan) - mâle oo ‫_______ م__ ا__ o_ (____ - m___ o_ ‫او(زن)- مال او‬ oo (zan) - mâle oo ________ ___ ___ __ _____ _ ____ __ ‫او(زن)- مال او‬ oo (zan) - mâle oo
Her money is gone.	‫_و_ش گ_ ش_ه ا_ت_‬ p_o_a_h g_m s_o_e a_t_ ‫پولش گم شده است.‬ poolash gom shode ast. ‫____ گ_ ش__ ا____ p______ g__ s____ a___ ‫پولش گم شده است.‬ poolash gom shode ast. _____ __ ___ _____ _______ ___ _____ ____ ‫پولش گم شده است.‬ poolash gom shode ast.
And her credit card is also gone.	‫_ ‫_ا_ت ا_ت_ا_ی_ ه_ گ_ ش_ه ا_ت_‬ k_r_e e_e_e_â_i_s_ h_m g_m s_o_e a_t_ ‫و ‫کارت اعتباریش هم گم شده است.‬ kârte e-etebâriash ham gom shode ast. ‫_ ‫____ ا_______ ه_ گ_ ش__ ا____ k____ e___________ h__ g__ s____ a___ ‫و ‫کارت اعتباریش هم گم شده است.‬ kârte e-etebâriash ham gom shode ast. __ _____ ________ __ __ ___ _____ _____ ____________ ___ ___ _____ ____ ‫و ‫کارت اعتباریش هم گم شده است.‬ kârte e-etebâriash ham gom shode ast.

we – our	‫_ا – م_ل م_‬ m_ - m_l_ m_ ‫ما – مال ما‬ mâ - mâle mâ ‫__ – م__ م__ m_ - m___ m_ ‫ما – مال ما‬ mâ - mâle mâ ___ _ ___ ___ __ _ ____ __ ‫ما – مال ما‬ mâ - mâle mâ
Our grandfather is ill.	‫_د_ب_ر_م_ن م_ی_ ا_ت_‬ p_d_r_b_z_r_e_â_ m_r_z a_t_ ‫پدربزرگمان مریض است.‬ pedar-bozorgemân mariz ast. ‫__________ م___ ا____ p_______________ m____ a___ ‫پدربزرگمان مریض است.‬ pedar-bozorgemân mariz ast. ___________ ____ _____ ________________ _____ ____ ‫پدربزرگمان مریض است.‬ pedar-bozorgemân mariz ast.
Our grandmother is healthy.	‫_ا_ر_ز_گ_ا_ س_ل_ ا_ت_‬ m_d_r_b_z_r_e_â_ s_l_m a_t_ ‫مادربزرگمان سالم است.‬ mâdar-bozorgemân sâlem ast. ‫___________ س___ ا____ m_______________ s____ a___ ‫مادربزرگمان سالم است.‬ mâdar-bozorgemân sâlem ast. ____________ ____ _____ ________________ _____ ____ ‫مادربزرگمان سالم است.‬ mâdar-bozorgemân sâlem ast.

you – your	‫_م_ (_م_) – م_ل ش_ا_ s_o_â (_a_-_) - m_l_ s_o_â ‫شما (جمع) – مال شما‬ shomâ (jam-a) - mâle shomâ ‫___ (____ – م__ ش___ s____ (______ - m___ s____ ‫شما (جمع) – مال شما‬ shomâ (jam-a) - mâle shomâ ____ _____ _ ___ ____ _____ _______ _ ____ _____ ‫شما (جمع) – مال شما‬ shomâ (jam-a) - mâle shomâ
Children, where is your father?	‫_چ_‌_ا_ پ_ر_ا_ ک_ا_ت_‬ b_c_e_h_, p_d_r_t_n k_j_s_? ‫بچه‌ها، پدرتان کجاست؟‬ bache-hâ, pedaretân kojâst? ‫_______ پ_____ ک______ b________ p________ k______ ‫بچه‌ها، پدرتان کجاست؟‬ bache-hâ, pedaretân kojâst? ________ ______ _______ _________ _________ _______ ‫بچه‌ها، پدرتان کجاست؟‬ bache-hâ, pedaretân kojâst?
Children, where is your mother?	‫_چ_‌_ا_ م_د_ت_ن ک_ا_ت_‬ b_c_e_h_, m_d_r_t_n k_j_s_? ‫بچه‌ها، مادرتان کجاست؟‬ bache-hâ, mâdaretân kojâst? ‫_______ م______ ک______ b________ m________ k______ ‫بچه‌ها، مادرتان کجاست؟‬ bache-hâ, mâdaretân kojâst? ________ _______ _______ _________ _________ _______ ‫بچه‌ها، مادرتان کجاست؟‬ bache-hâ, mâdaretân kojâst?

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