Phrasebook

MP3 About the book

58 [fifty-eight]

Parts of the body

‫58 [پنجاه و هشت]‬ 58 [panjâ-ho-hasht]	‫اعضای بدن‬ a-azâye badan

Choose how you want to see the translation:

Does a universal grammar exist?

When we learn a language, we also learn its grammar. When children learn their native language, this happens automatically. They don't notice that their brain is learning various rules. Despite this, they learn their native language correctly from the beginning. Given that many languages exist, many grammar systems exist too. But is there also a universal grammar? Scientists have been studying this for a long time. New studies could provide an answer. Because brain researchers have made an interesting discovery. They had test subjects study grammar rules. These subjects were language school students. They studied Japanese or Italian. Half of the grammar rules were totally fabricated. However, the test subjects didn't know that. The students were presented with sentences after studying. They had to assess whether or not the sentences were correct. While they were working through the sentences, their brains were analyzed. That is to say, the researchers measured the activity of the brain. This way they could examine how the brain reacted to the sentences. And it appears that our brain recognizes grammar! When processing speech, certain brain areas are active. The Broca Center is one of them. It is located in the left cerebrum. When the students were faced with real grammar rules, it was very active. With the fabricated rules on the other hand, the activity decreased considerably. So it could be that all grammar systems have the same basis. Then they would all follow the same principles. And these principles would be inherent in us…

Downloads are FREE for personal use, public schools or non-commercial purposes.
LICENSE AGREEMENT | Please report any errors or incorrect translations here!
Imprint | © Copyright 2007 - 2025 Goethe Verlag Starnberg and licensors.
All rights reserved. Contact

I am drawing a man.	‫_ن ی_ م_د م_‌_ش_._ m_n y_k m_r_ t_r_r_h_ m_k_n_m_ ‫من یک مرد می‌کشم.‬ man yek mard tar-râhi mikonam. ‫__ ی_ م__ م_______ m__ y__ m___ t_______ m_______ ‫من یک مرد می‌کشم.‬ man yek mard tar-râhi mikonam. ___ __ ___ ________ ___ ___ ____ ________ ________ ‫من یک مرد می‌کشم.‬ man yek mard tar-râhi mikonam.
First the head.	‫_و_ س_‬ e_t_d_ s_r ‫اول سر‬ ebtedâ sar ‫___ س__ e_____ s__ ‫اول سر‬ ebtedâ sar ____ ___ ______ ___ ‫اول سر‬ ebtedâ sar
The man is wearing a hat.	‫_ی_ م_د ی_ ک_ا_ ب_ س_ د_ر_._ i_ m_r_ y_k k_l_h b_r s_r d_r_d_ ‫این مرد یک کلاه بر سر دارد.‬ in mard yek kolâh bar sar dârad. ‫___ م__ ی_ ک___ ب_ س_ د_____ i_ m___ y__ k____ b__ s__ d_____ ‫این مرد یک کلاه بر سر دارد.‬ in mard yek kolâh bar sar dârad. ____ ___ __ ____ __ __ ______ __ ____ ___ _____ ___ ___ ______ ‫این مرد یک کلاه بر سر دارد.‬ in mard yek kolâh bar sar dârad.

One cannot see the hair.	‫_و_ا ر_ ن_ی_ب_ن_د_‬ m_h_ r_ n_m_t_v_n d_d_ ‫موها را نمی‌بینید.‬ muhâ râ nemitavân did. ‫____ ر_ ن__________ m___ r_ n________ d___ ‫موها را نمی‌بینید.‬ muhâ râ nemitavân did. _____ __ ___________ ____ __ _________ ____ ‫موها را نمی‌بینید.‬ muhâ râ nemitavân did.
One cannot see the ears either.	‫_و_ه_ ر_ ه_ ن_ی_ب_ن_د_‬ g_s_-_â r_ h_m n_m_t_v_n d_d_ ‫گوشها را هم نمی‌بینید.‬ gush-hâ râ ham nemitavân did. ‫_____ ر_ ه_ ن__________ g______ r_ h__ n________ d___ ‫گوشها را هم نمی‌بینید.‬ gush-hâ râ ham nemitavân did. ______ __ __ ___________ _______ __ ___ _________ ____ ‫گوشها را هم نمی‌بینید.‬ gush-hâ râ ham nemitavân did.
One cannot see his back either.	‫_م_ ر_ ه_ ن_ی_ب_ن_د_‬ k_m_r r_ h_m n_m_t_v_n d_d_ ‫کمر را هم نمی‌بینید.‬ kamar râ ham nemitavân did. ‫___ ر_ ه_ ن__________ k____ r_ h__ n________ d___ ‫کمر را هم نمی‌بینید.‬ kamar râ ham nemitavân did. ____ __ __ ___________ _____ __ ___ _________ ____ ‫کمر را هم نمی‌بینید.‬ kamar râ ham nemitavân did.

I am drawing the eyes and the mouth.	‫_ن چ_م ه_ و د_ا_ ر_ م_‌_ش_._ m_n c_e_h_-_â v_ d_h_n r_ t_r_r_h_ m_k_n_m_ ‫من چشم ها و دهان را می‌کشم.‬ man cheshm-hâ va dahân râ tar-râhi mikonam. ‫__ چ__ ه_ و د___ ر_ م_______ m__ c________ v_ d____ r_ t_______ m_______ ‫من چشم ها و دهان را می‌کشم.‬ man cheshm-hâ va dahân râ tar-râhi mikonam. ___ ___ __ _ ____ __ ________ ___ _________ __ _____ __ ________ ________ ‫من چشم ها و دهان را می‌کشم.‬ man cheshm-hâ va dahân râ tar-râhi mikonam.
The man is dancing and laughing.	‫_ن م_د م_‌_ق_د و م_‌_ن_د_‬ â_ m_r_ m_r_g_-_a_ v_ m_k_a_-_a_ ‫آن مرد می‌رقصد و می‌خندد.‬ ân mard miragh-sad va mikhan-dad ‫__ م__ م______ و م________ â_ m___ m_________ v_ m_________ ‫آن مرد می‌رقصد و می‌خندد.‬ ân mard miragh-sad va mikhan-dad ___ ___ _______ _ _________ __ ____ __________ __ __________ ‫آن مرد می‌رقصد و می‌خندد.‬ ân mard miragh-sad va mikhan-dad
The man has a long nose.	‫_ن م_د ب_ن_ د_ا_ی د_ر_._ â_ m_r_ y_k b_n_-_e d_r_z d_r_d_ ‫آن مرد بینی درازی دارد.‬ ân mard yek bini-ye derâz dârad. ‫__ م__ ب___ د____ د_____ â_ m___ y__ b______ d____ d_____ ‫آن مرد بینی درازی دارد.‬ ân mard yek bini-ye derâz dârad. ___ ___ ____ _____ ______ __ ____ ___ _______ _____ ______ ‫آن مرد بینی درازی دارد.‬ ân mard yek bini-ye derâz dârad.

He is carrying a cane in his hands.	‫_و ی_ ع_ا د_ د_ت_ا_ش د_ر_._ o_ y_k a_â d_r d_s_-_â_a_h d_r_d_ ‫او یک عصا در دستهایش دارد.‬ oo yek asâ dar dast-hâyash dârad. ‫__ ی_ ع__ د_ د______ د_____ o_ y__ a__ d__ d__________ d_____ ‫او یک عصا در دستهایش دارد.‬ oo yek asâ dar dast-hâyash dârad. ___ __ ___ __ _______ ______ __ ___ ___ ___ ___________ ______ ‫او یک عصا در دستهایش دارد.‬ oo yek asâ dar dast-hâyash dârad.
He is also wearing a scarf around his neck.	‫_و ی_ ش_ل گ_د_ ه_ د_ر گ_د_ش د_ر_._ o_ h_m_h_n_n y_k s_â_-_a_d_n b_ d_r_ g_r_a_a_h d_r_d_ ‫او یک شال گردن هم دور گردنش دارد.‬ oo hamchenin yek shâl-gardan be dore gardanash dârad. ‫__ ی_ ش__ گ___ ه_ د__ گ____ د_____ o_ h________ y__ s__________ b_ d___ g________ d_____ ‫او یک شال گردن هم دور گردنش دارد.‬ oo hamchenin yek shâl-gardan be dore gardanash dârad. ___ __ ___ ____ __ ___ _____ ______ __ _________ ___ ___________ __ ____ _________ ______ ‫او یک شال گردن هم دور گردنش دارد.‬ oo hamchenin yek shâl-gardan be dore gardanash dârad.
It is winter and it is cold.	‫_م_ت_ن ا_ت و ه_ا س_د ا_ت_‬ z_m_s_â_ a_t v_ h_v_ s_r_ a_t_ ‫زمستان است و هوا سرد است.‬ zemestân ast va havâ sard ast. ‫______ ا__ و ه__ س__ ا____ z_______ a__ v_ h___ s___ a___ ‫زمستان است و هوا سرد است.‬ zemestân ast va havâ sard ast. _______ ___ _ ___ ___ _____ ________ ___ __ ____ ____ ____ ‫زمستان است و هوا سرد است.‬ zemestân ast va havâ sard ast.

The arms are athletic.	‫_ا_و_ا ق_ی ه_ت_د_‬ b_z_-_â g_a_i h_s_a_d_ ‫بازوها قوی هستند.‬ bâzu-hâ ghavi hastand. ‫______ ق__ ه______ b______ g____ h_______ ‫بازوها قوی هستند.‬ bâzu-hâ ghavi hastand. _______ ___ _______ _______ _____ ________ ‫بازوها قوی هستند.‬ bâzu-hâ ghavi hastand.
The legs are also athletic.	‫_ا_ا ه_ ق_ی ه_ت_د_‬ p_-_â h_m g_a_i h_s_a_d_ ‫پاها هم قوی هستند.‬ pâ-hâ ham ghavi hastand. ‫____ ه_ ق__ ه______ p____ h__ g____ h_______ ‫پاها هم قوی هستند.‬ pâ-hâ ham ghavi hastand. _____ __ ___ _______ _____ ___ _____ ________ ‫پاها هم قوی هستند.‬ pâ-hâ ham ghavi hastand.
The man is made of snow.	‫_ی_ م_د ا_ ب_ف د_س_ ش_ه ا_ت_‬ i_ m_r_ a_ b_r_ d_r_s_ s_o_e a_t_ ‫این مرد از برف درست شده است.‬ in mard az barf dorost shode ast. ‫___ م__ ا_ ب__ د___ ش__ ا____ i_ m___ a_ b___ d_____ s____ a___ ‫این مرد از برف درست شده است.‬ in mard az barf dorost shode ast. ____ ___ __ ___ ____ ___ _____ __ ____ __ ____ ______ _____ ____ ‫این مرد از برف درست شده است.‬ in mard az barf dorost shode ast.

He is neither wearing pants nor a coat.	‫_و ش_و_ر ی_ پ_ل_و ن_و_ی_ه ا_ت_‬ o_ s_a_v_r y_ p_l_o n_p_s_i_e a_t_ ‫او شلوار یا پالتو نپوشیده است.‬ oo shalvâr yâ pâlto napushide ast. ‫__ ش____ ی_ پ____ ن______ ا____ o_ s______ y_ p____ n________ a___ ‫او شلوار یا پالتو نپوشیده است.‬ oo shalvâr yâ pâlto napushide ast. ___ _____ __ _____ _______ _____ __ _______ __ _____ _________ ____ ‫او شلوار یا پالتو نپوشیده است.‬ oo shalvâr yâ pâlto napushide ast.
But the man is not freezing.	‫_م_ س_د_ ن_س_ (_م_‌_ر_د_._ a_m_ o_ s_r_a_h n_s_ (_e_i_a_z_d_. ‫اما سردش نیست (نمی‌لرزد).‬ ammâ oo sardash nist (nemilarzad). ‫___ س___ ن___ (___________ a___ o_ s______ n___ (____________ ‫اما سردش نیست (نمی‌لرزد).‬ ammâ oo sardash nist (nemilarzad). ____ ____ ____ ____________ ____ __ _______ ____ _____________ ‫اما سردش نیست (نمی‌لرزد).‬ ammâ oo sardash nist (nemilarzad).
He is a snowman.	‫_و ی_ آ_م ب_ف_ ا_ت_‬ o_ y_k â_a_ b_r_i a_t_ ‫او یک آدم برفی است.‬ oo yek âdam barfi ast. ‫__ ی_ آ__ ب___ ا____ o_ y__ â___ b____ a___ ‫او یک آدم برفی است.‬ oo yek âdam barfi ast. ___ __ ___ ____ _____ __ ___ ____ _____ ____ ‫او یک آدم برفی است.‬ oo yek âdam barfi ast.

Phrasebook

Does a universal grammar exist?

Menu

Links

Download our App