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Părţile corpului omenesc

58 [ห้าสิบแปด] hâ-sìp-bhæ̀t	อวัยวะ à-wai-yá-wá

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Există o gramatică universală?

Când învăţăm o limbă străină, îi învăţăm şi gramatica. Asta se întâmplă automat la copiii care învaţă limba maternă. Ei nu îşi dau seama că creierul lor învaţă numeroase reguli diferite. Ei învaţă limba maternă corect încă de la început. Aşa cum există multe limbi, tot aşa există şi multe gramatici. Dar există oare o gramatică universală? Oamenii de ştiinţă sunt preocupaţi de mult timp de această întrebare. Noile studii pot oferi un răspuns. Căci neurologii au făcut o descoperire interesantă. I-au pus pe subiecţi să înveţe reguli de gramatică. Subiecţii erau elevi care învăţau o limbă străină. Ei învăţau japoneza sau italiana. Jumătate din regulile de gramatică au fost inventate. Dar subiecţii nu ştiau asta. După învaţare, elevilor li s-au dat cateva propoziţii. Subiecţii trebuiau să spună dacă propoziţiile erau corecte sau nu. În timp ce faceau exerciţiile, li s-au studiat creierele. Adică, cercetătorii au măsurat activitatea corticală. Astfel, ei puteau să controleze reacţia creierului faţă de propoziţii. Şi se pare că gramatica este recunoscută de creierul nostru. În producerea limbajului, anumite zone ale creierului sunt active. Centrul Broca este unul dintre ele. El se găseşte în emisfera stângă a creierului. Când elevii întâlneau regulile adevărate de gramatică, acesta era foarte activ. Pentru regulile inventate, activitatea scădea foarte mult. Deci este posibil ca regulile de gramatică să aibă aceeaşi bază. Toate ar urmări aceleaşi principii. Iar aceste principii ar fi de la sine înţelese...

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Desenez un om.	ผ_ / ด_ฉ_น ว_ด_ู_ผ_้_า_ p_̌_-_i_-_h_̌_-_a_t_r_̂_p_p_̂_-_h_i ผม / ดิฉัน วาดรูปผู้ชาย pǒm-dì-chǎn-wât-rôop-pôo-chai ผ_ / ด____ ว___________ p__________________________________ ผม / ดิฉัน วาดรูปผู้ชาย pǒm-dì-chǎn-wât-rôop-pôo-chai __ _ _____ ____________ ___________________________________ ผม / ดิฉัน วาดรูปผู้ชาย pǒm-dì-chǎn-wât-rôop-pôo-chai
Mai întâi capul.	เ_ิ_ม_า_ศ_ร_ะ_่_น r_̂_̶_-_a_k_s_̌_n_s_̀_g_̀_n เริ่มจากศีรษะก่อน rêr̶m-jàk-sěen-sà-gàwn เ________________ r__________________________ เริ่มจากศีรษะก่อน rêr̶m-jàk-sěen-sà-gàwn _________________ ___________________________ เริ่มจากศีรษะก่อน rêr̶m-jàk-sěen-sà-gàwn
Omul poartă o pălărie.	ผ_้_า_ส_ม_ม_ก p_̂_-_h_i_s_̌_m_m_̀_k ผู้ชายสวมหมวก pôo-chai-sǔam-mùak ผ____________ p____________________ ผู้ชายสวมหมวก pôo-chai-sǔam-mùak _____________ _____________________ ผู้ชายสวมหมวก pôo-chai-sǔam-mùak

Părul nu se vede.	ม_ง_ม_เ_็_เ_้_ผ_ m_w_g_m_̂_-_e_n_s_̂_-_o_m มองไม่เห็นเส้นผม mawng-mâi-hěn-sên-pǒm ม_______________ m________________________ มองไม่เห็นเส้นผม mawng-mâi-hěn-sên-pǒm ________________ _________________________ มองไม่เห็นเส้นผม mawng-mâi-hěn-sên-pǒm
Şi nici urechile nu se văd.	ม_ง_ม_เ_็_ห_ด_ว_ m_w_g_m_̂_-_e_n_h_̌_-_u_a_ มองไม่เห็นหูด้วย mawng-mâi-hěn-hǒo-dûay ม_______________ m_________________________ มองไม่เห็นหูด้วย mawng-mâi-hěn-hǒo-dûay ________________ __________________________ มองไม่เห็นหูด้วย mawng-mâi-hěn-hǒo-dûay
Nici spatele nu se vede.	ม_ง_ม_เ_็_ห_ั_ด_ว_ m_w_g_m_̂_-_e_n_l_̌_g_d_̂_y มองไม่เห็นหลังด้วย mawng-mâi-hěn-lǎng-dûay ม_________________ m__________________________ มองไม่เห็นหลังด้วย mawng-mâi-hěn-lǎng-dûay __________________ ___________________________ มองไม่เห็นหลังด้วย mawng-mâi-hěn-lǎng-dûay

Desenez ochii şi gura.	ผ_ / ด_ฉ_น ก_ล_ง_า_ต_แ_ะ_า_ p_̌_-_i_-_h_̌_-_a_-_a_g_w_̂_-_h_-_æ_-_h_̀_ ผม / ดิฉัน กำลังวาดตาและปาก pǒm-dì-chǎn-gam-lang-wât-dha-lǽ-bhàk ผ_ / ด____ ก_______________ p_________________________________________ ผม / ดิฉัน กำลังวาดตาและปาก pǒm-dì-chǎn-gam-lang-wât-dha-lǽ-bhàk __ _ _____ ________________ __________________________________________ ผม / ดิฉัน กำลังวาดตาและปาก pǒm-dì-chǎn-gam-lang-wât-dha-lǽ-bhàk
Omul dansează şi râde.	ผ_้_า_ค_น_้_ำ_ั_เ_้_ร_แ_ะ_ั_เ_า_ p_̂_-_h_i_k_n_n_́_-_a_-_a_g_d_e_n_r_m_l_́_h_̌_-_a_w ผู้ชายคนนี้กำลังเต้นรำและหัวเราะ pôo-chai-kon-née-gam-lang-dhên-ram-lǽ-hǔa-ráw ผ_______________________________ p__________________________________________________ ผู้ชายคนนี้กำลังเต้นรำและหัวเราะ pôo-chai-kon-née-gam-lang-dhên-ram-lǽ-hǔa-ráw ________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ผู้ชายคนนี้กำลังเต้นรำและหัวเราะ pôo-chai-kon-née-gam-lang-dhên-ram-lǽ-hǔa-ráw
Omul are un nas lung.	ผ_้_า_ค_น_้_ี_ม_ก_า_ p_̂_-_h_i_k_n_n_́_-_e_e_-_o_o_-_a_ ผู้ชายคนนี้มีจมูกยาว pôo-chai-kon-née-mêet-môok-yao ผ___________________ p_________________________________ ผู้ชายคนนี้มีจมูกยาว pôo-chai-kon-née-mêet-môok-yao ____________________ __________________________________ ผู้ชายคนนี้มีจมูกยาว pôo-chai-kon-née-mêet-môok-yao

Ţine un baston în mâini.	เ_า_ำ_ั_ถ_อ_ม_เ_้_ใ_ม_อ_อ_เ_า k_̌_-_a_-_a_g_t_̌_-_a_i_t_́_-_a_-_e_-_a_w_g_k_̌_ เขากำลังถือไม้เท้าในมือของเขา kǎo-gam-lang-těu-mái-táo-nai-meu-kǎwng-kǎo เ____________________________ k_______________________________________________ เขากำลังถือไม้เท้าในมือของเขา kǎo-gam-lang-těu-mái-táo-nai-meu-kǎwng-kǎo _____________________________ ________________________________________________ เขากำลังถือไม้เท้าในมือของเขา kǎo-gam-lang-těu-mái-táo-nai-meu-kǎwng-kǎo
Poartă şi un fular în jurul gâtului.	เ_า_ี_้_พ_น_อ_ี_ร_บ_อ_อ_เ_า_ี_ด_ว_ k_̌_-_e_-_a_-_a_-_a_-_e_e_r_̂_p_k_w_k_̌_n_-_a_o_e_e_-_u_a_ เขามีผ้าพันคอที่รอบคอของเขาอีกด้วย kǎo-mee-pâ-pan-kaw-têe-râwp-kaw-kǎwng-kǎo-èek-dûay เ_________________________________ k_________________________________________________________ เขามีผ้าพันคอที่รอบคอของเขาอีกด้วย kǎo-mee-pâ-pan-kaw-têe-râwp-kaw-kǎwng-kǎo-èek-dûay __________________________________ __________________________________________________________ เขามีผ้าพันคอที่รอบคอของเขาอีกด้วย kǎo-mee-pâ-pan-kaw-têe-râwp-kaw-kǎwng-kǎo-èek-dûay
Este iarnă şi este frig.	ม_น_ป_น_ด_ห_า_แ_ะ_า_า_เ_็_ m_n_b_e_-_i_-_o_-_a_o_l_́_a_g_̀_-_e_ มันเป็นฤดูหนาวและอากาศเย็น man-bhen-rí-doo-nǎo-lǽ-a-gàt-yen ม_________________________ m___________________________________ มันเป็นฤดูหนาวและอากาศเย็น man-bhen-rí-doo-nǎo-lǽ-a-gàt-yen __________________________ ____________________________________ มันเป็นฤดูหนาวและอากาศเย็น man-bhen-rí-doo-nǎo-lǽ-a-gàt-yen

Braţele sunt puternice.	แ_น_ข_ง_ร_ k_̌_-_æ_n_-_æ_g แขนแข็งแรง kæ̌n-kæ̌ng-ræng แ_________ k______________ แขนแข็งแรง kæ̌n-kæ̌ng-ræng __________ _______________ แขนแข็งแรง kæ̌n-kæ̌ng-ræng
Şi picioarele sunt puternice.	ข_ก_แ_็_แ_ง_้_ย k_̌_g_̂_-_æ_n_-_æ_g_d_̂_y ขาก็แข็งแรงด้วย kǎ-gâw-kæ̌ng-ræng-dûay ข______________ k________________________ ขาก็แข็งแรงด้วย kǎ-gâw-kæ̌ng-ræng-dûay _______________ _________________________ ขาก็แข็งแรงด้วย kǎ-gâw-kæ̌ng-ræng-dûay
Omul este din zăpadă.	ผ_้_า_ค_น_้_ำ_า_า_ห_ม_ p_̂_-_h_i_k_n_n_́_-_a_-_a_j_̀_-_i_-_a_ ผู้ชายคนนี้ทำมาจากหิมะ pôo-chai-kon-née-tam-ma-jàk-hì-má ผ_____________________ p_____________________________________ ผู้ชายคนนี้ทำมาจากหิมะ pôo-chai-kon-née-tam-ma-jàk-hì-má ______________________ ______________________________________ ผู้ชายคนนี้ทำมาจากหิมะ pôo-chai-kon-née-tam-ma-jàk-hì-má

Nu poartă pantaloni şi palton.	เ_า_ม_ส_ม_า_เ_ง_ล_เ_ื_อ_ล_ม k_̌_-_a_i_s_̌_m_g_n_-_a_n_-_æ_-_e_u_k_l_o_ เขาไม่สวมกางเกงและเสื้อคลุม kǎo-mâi-sǔam-gang-gayng-lǽ-sêuak-loom เ__________________________ k_________________________________________ เขาไม่สวมกางเกงและเสื้อคลุม kǎo-mâi-sǔam-gang-gayng-lǽ-sêuak-loom ___________________________ __________________________________________ เขาไม่สวมกางเกงและเสื้อคลุม kǎo-mâi-sǔam-gang-gayng-lǽ-sêuak-loom
Dar omului nu-i este frig.	แ_่_ข_ก_ไ_่_น_ว_ั_น d_æ_-_a_o_g_̂_-_a_i_n_̌_-_a_n แต่เขาก็ไม่หนาวสั่น dhæ̀-kǎo-gâw-mâi-nǎo-sàn แ__________________ d____________________________ แต่เขาก็ไม่หนาวสั่น dhæ̀-kǎo-gâw-mâi-nǎo-sàn ___________________ _____________________________ แต่เขาก็ไม่หนาวสั่น dhæ̀-kǎo-gâw-mâi-nǎo-sàn
Este un om de zăpadă.	เ_า_ื_ต_๊_ต_ห_ม_ k_̌_-_e_-_h_́_k_d_a_h_̀_m_́ เขาคือตุ๊กตาหิมะ kǎo-keu-dhóok-dha-hì-má เ_______________ k__________________________ เขาคือตุ๊กตาหิมะ kǎo-keu-dhóok-dha-hì-má ________________ ___________________________ เขาคือตุ๊กตาหิมะ kǎo-keu-dhóok-dha-hì-má

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Există o gramatică universală?

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