English UK » Kazakh | 81 [eighty-one] | Past tense 1

81 [сексен бір] Өткен шақ 1

81 [seksen bir] Ötken şaq 1

to write	жазу; jazw
He wrote a letter.	Ол хат жазды.; Ol xat jazdı.
And she wrote a card.	Ал ол ашық хат жазды.; Al ol aşıq xat jazdı.
to read	оқу; oqw
He read a magazine.	Ол суретті журнал оқыды.; Ol swretti jwrnal oqıdı.
And she read a book.	Ал ол кітап оқыды.; Al ol kitap oqıdı.
to take	алу; alw
He took a cigarette.	Ол бір темекі алды.; Ol bir temeki aldı.
She took a piece of chocolate.	Ол бір шоколад алды.; Ol bir şokolad aldı.
He was disloyal, but she was loyal.	Жігіт адал болмады, ал қыз адал болды.; Jigit adal bolmadı, al qız adal boldı.
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.	Жігіт жалқау болды, ал қыз пысық болды.; Jigit jalqaw boldı, al qız pısıq boldı.
He was poor, but she was rich.	Жігіт кедей болды, қыз бай болды.; Jigit kedey boldı, qız bay boldı.
He had no money, only debts.	Оның ақшасы емес, қарыздары болады.; Onıñ aqşası emes, qarızdarı boladı.
He had no luck, only bad luck.	Оның бағы болмады, ол сәтсіздікке ұшырады.; Onıñ bağı bolmadı, ol sätsizdikke uşıradı.
He had no success, only failure.	Ол жетістікке жетпеді, сәтсіздікке ұшырады.; Ol jetistikke jetpedi, sätsizdikke uşıradı.
He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.	Ол риза емес, наразы болды.; Ol rïza emes, narazı boldı.
He was not happy, but sad.	Ол бақытты емес, бақытсыз еді.; Ol baqıttı emes, baqıtsız edi.
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.	Ол көрікті емес, көріксіз еді.; Ol körikti emes, köriksiz edi.

The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!