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36 [thirty-six]

Public transportation

 


36 [ਛੱਤੀ]

ਸਰਵਜਨਿਕ ਪਰਿਵਹਨ

 

 
Where is the bus stop?
ਬੱਸ ਕਿਥੇ ਰੁਕਦੀ ਹੈ?
basa kithē rukadī hai?
Which bus goes to the city centre / center (am.)?
ਕਿਹੜੀ ਬੱਸ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਨੂੰ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ?
Kihaṛī basa śahira jāndī hai?
Which bus do I have to take?
ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿਹੜੀ ਬੱਸ ਲੈਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ?
Mainū kihaṛī basa laiṇī cāhīdī hai?
 
 
 
 
Do I have to change?
ਕੀ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਬਦਲਣਾ ਪਵੇਗਾ?
Kī mainū badalaṇā pavēgā?
Where do I have to change?
ਮੈਨੂੰ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਬਦਲਣਾ ਪਵੇਗਾ?
Mainū kithē badalaṇā pavēgā?
How much does a ticket cost?
ਟਿਕਟ ਕਿੰਨੇ ਦੀ ਹੈ?
Ṭikaṭa kinē dī hai?
 
 
 
 
How many stops are there before downtown / the city centre?
ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਤੱਕ ਬੱਸ ਕਿੰਨੀ ਵਾਰ ਰੁਕਦੀ ਹੈ?
Śahira taka basa kinī vāra rukadī hai?
You have to get off here.
ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਇੱਥੇ ੳਤਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ।
Tuhānū ithē taranā cāhīdā hai.
You have to get off at the back.
ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਉਤਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ।
Tuhānū pichē utaranā cāhīdā hai.
 
 
 
 
The next train is in 5 minutes.
ਅਗਲੀ ਮੈਟਰੋ 5 ਮਿੰਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏਗੀ।
Agalī maiṭarō 5 miṭa vica ā'ēgī.
The next tram is in 10 minutes.
ਅਗਲੀ ਟ੍ਰਾਮ 10 ਮਿੰਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏਗੀ।
Agalī ṭrāma 10 miṭa vica ā'ēgī.
The next bus is in 15 minutes.
ਅਗਲੀ ਬੱਸ 15 ਮਿੰਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏਗੀ।
Agalī basa 15 miṭa vica ā'ēgī.
 
 
 
 
When is the last train?
ਆਖਰੀ ਮੈਟਰੋ ਕਦੋਂ ਹੈ?
Ākharī maiṭarō kadōṁ hai?
When is the last tram?
ਆਖਰੀ ਟ੍ਰਾਮ ਕਦੋਂ ਹੈ?
Ākharī ṭrāma kadōṁ hai?
When is the last bus?
ਆਖਰੀ ਬੱਸ ਕਦੋਂ ਹੈ?
Ākharī basa kadōṁ hai?
 
 
 
 
Do you have a ticket?
ਕੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਟਿਕਟ ਹੈ?
Kī tuhāḍē kōla ṭikaṭa hai?
A ticket? – No, I don’t have one.
ਟਿਕਟ?ਜੀ ਨਹੀਂ,ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਟਿਕਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ।
Ṭikaṭa?Jī nahīṁ,mērē kōla ṭikaṭa nahīṁ hai.
Then you have to pay a fine.
ਫਿਰ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਜੁਰਮਾਨਾ ਭਰਨਾ ਪਵੇਗਾ।
Phira tuhānū juramānā bharanā pavēgā.
 
 
 
 


The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?

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Starting in the 1930s, a new awareness awakened within Brazilian culture. Brazilians were proud of their language and wanted to accentuate its peculiarities. There were, however, repeated efforts to keep the two languages together. For example, an agreement has since been made over a common orthography. Today the biggest difference between the two forms is in the pronunciation. The Brazilian vocabulary also contains a few "Indianisms" that are absent in Europe. Discover this exciting language - it is one of the most important in the world!

 




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