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81 [eighty-one]

Past tense 1

81 [kaheksakümmend üks]	Minevik 1

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The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!

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to write	k_r_u_a_a kirjutama k________ kirjutama _________ kirjutama
He wrote a letter.	T_ k_r_u_a_ k_r_a_ Ta kirjutas kirja. T_ k_______ k_____ Ta kirjutas kirja. __ ________ ______ Ta kirjutas kirja.
And she wrote a card.	J_ t_m_ k_r_u_a_ k_a_d_. Ja tema kirjutas kaardi. J_ t___ k_______ k______ Ja tema kirjutas kaardi. __ ____ ________ _______ Ja tema kirjutas kaardi.

to read	l_g_m_ lugema l_____ lugema ______ lugema
He read a magazine.	T_ l_g_s a_a_i_j_. Ta luges ajakirja. T_ l____ a________ Ta luges ajakirja. __ _____ _________ Ta luges ajakirja.
And she read a book.	J_ t_ l_g_s r_a_a_u_. Ja ta luges raamatut. J_ t_ l____ r________ Ja ta luges raamatut. __ __ _____ _________ Ja ta luges raamatut.

to take	v_t_a võtma v____ võtma _____ võtma
He took a cigarette.	T_ v_t_i_ s_g_r_t_. Ta võttis sigareti. T_ v_____ s________ Ta võttis sigareti. __ ______ _________ Ta võttis sigareti.
She took a piece of chocolate.	T_ v_t_i_ t_k_ š_k_l_a_i_ Ta võttis tüki šokolaadi. T_ v_____ t___ š_________ Ta võttis tüki šokolaadi. __ ______ ____ __________ Ta võttis tüki šokolaadi.

He was disloyal, but she was loyal.	T_ o_i t_u_, k_i_ t_m_ o_i t_u_d_s_t_. Ta oli truu, kuid tema oli truudusetu. T_ o__ t____ k___ t___ o__ t__________ Ta oli truu, kuid tema oli truudusetu. __ ___ _____ ____ ____ ___ ___________ Ta oli truu, kuid tema oli truudusetu.
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.	T_ o_i l_i_k_ k_i_ t_m_ o_i u_i_. Ta oli laisk, kuid tema oli usin. T_ o__ l_____ k___ t___ o__ u____ Ta oli laisk, kuid tema oli usin. __ ___ ______ ____ ____ ___ _____ Ta oli laisk, kuid tema oli usin.
He was poor, but she was rich.	T_ o_i v_e_e_ k_i_ t_m_ o_i r_k_s_ Ta oli vaene, kuid tema oli rikas. T_ o__ v_____ k___ t___ o__ r_____ Ta oli vaene, kuid tema oli rikas. __ ___ ______ ____ ____ ___ ______ Ta oli vaene, kuid tema oli rikas.

He had no money, only debts.	T_l e_ o_n_d r_h_ v_i_ v_l_d_ Tal ei olnud raha vaid võlad. T__ e_ o____ r___ v___ v_____ Tal ei olnud raha vaid võlad. ___ __ _____ ____ ____ ______ Tal ei olnud raha vaid võlad.
He had no luck, only bad luck.	T_l e_ o_n_d õ_n_ v_i_ õ_n_t_s_. Tal ei olnud õnne vaid õnnetust. T__ e_ o____ õ___ v___ õ________ Tal ei olnud õnne vaid õnnetust. ___ __ _____ ____ ____ _________ Tal ei olnud õnne vaid õnnetust.
He had no success, only failure.	T_l e_ o_n_d e_u v_i_ ä_a_d_m_s_. Tal ei olnud edu vaid äpardumisi. T__ e_ o____ e__ v___ ä__________ Tal ei olnud edu vaid äpardumisi. ___ __ _____ ___ ____ ___________ Tal ei olnud edu vaid äpardumisi.

He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.	T_ e_ o_n_d r_h_l v_i_ r_h_l_l_m_t_. Ta ei olnud rahul vaid rahulolematu. T_ e_ o____ r____ v___ r____________ Ta ei olnud rahul vaid rahulolematu. __ __ _____ _____ ____ _____________ Ta ei olnud rahul vaid rahulolematu.
He was not happy, but sad.	T_ e_ o_n_d õ_n_l_k v_i_ õ_n_t_. Ta ei olnud õnnelik vaid õnnetu. T_ e_ o____ õ______ v___ õ______ Ta ei olnud õnnelik vaid õnnetu. __ __ _____ _______ ____ _______ Ta ei olnud õnnelik vaid õnnetu.
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.	T_ e_ o_n_d s_m_a_t_e v_i_ e_a_ü_p_a_n_. Ta ei olnud sümpaatne vaid ebasümpaatne. T_ e_ o____ s________ v___ e____________ Ta ei olnud sümpaatne vaid ebasümpaatne. __ __ _____ _________ ____ _____________ Ta ei olnud sümpaatne vaid ebasümpaatne.

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The history of linguistics

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