常用语手册

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34[三十四]

在火车里

34 [thirty-four]	On the train

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语言的发展

我们为何要和别人说话，这显而易见。我们想要和别人交流并相互理解。语言究竟是如何出现的，这我们不太清楚。在该问题上存在着各种研究理论。但确切无疑，语言是种非常古老的现象。人类说话的先决条件是拥有特定的身体特征。这些特征对我们能发出声音是不可或缺的。远古的尼安德特穴居人就已经拥有运用声音的能力。他们通过声音将自己区分于动物之列。此外，洪亮坚定的声音对防守很重要。人们可以用这种声音来威胁恐吓敌人。那个时候，人类已经开始制造工具和使用火。这些知识需要以某种方式传递下去。在集体狩猎中，语言也很重要。早在2百万年前人类就已经有了简单沟通。最初的语言元素是手势和动作。但人们也想在黑暗中沟通。他们必须在看不见对方的情况下进行交流。因此，声音代替手势得到了发展。今天看来，人类语言至少有5万年的历史。当非洲古智人离开非洲，他们将语言带向全世界。在不同地区，人类早期语言也有着各自的区分。也就是说，这个世界同时存在着不同的语系。人类早期语言只具有语言系统的基础特征。它们比现代语言简单得多。早期语言通过语法，语音和语义逐渐得到发展。可以说，不同的语言就是不同的解决方案。但是问题往往是相同的：我该如何表达我的想法？

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这是开往柏林的火车吗 ?	I_ t_a_ t_e t_a_n t_ B_r_i_? Is that the train to Berlin? I_ t___ t__ t____ t_ B______ Is that the train to Berlin? __ ____ ___ _____ __ _______ Is that the train to Berlin?
火车什么时候启程 ?	W_e_ d_e_ t_e t_a_n l_a_e_ When does the train leave? W___ d___ t__ t____ l_____ When does the train leave? ____ ____ ___ _____ ______ When does the train leave?
火车什么时候到达柏林 ?	W_e_ d_e_ t_e t_a_n a_r_v_ i_ B_r_i_? When does the train arrive in Berlin? W___ d___ t__ t____ a_____ i_ B______ When does the train arrive in Berlin? ____ ____ ___ _____ ______ __ _______ When does the train arrive in Berlin?

打扰了, 可以让我过去吗 ?	E_c_s_ m_, m_y I p_s_? Excuse me, may I pass? E_____ m__ m__ I p____ Excuse me, may I pass? ______ ___ ___ _ _____ Excuse me, may I pass?
我想这个位置是我的。	I t_i_k t_i_ i_ m_ s_a_. I think this is my seat. I t____ t___ i_ m_ s____ I think this is my seat. _ _____ ____ __ __ _____ I think this is my seat.
我想您坐了我的位置。	I t_i_k y_u_r_ s_t_i_g i_ m_ s_a_. I think you’re sitting in my seat. I t____ y_____ s______ i_ m_ s____ I think you’re sitting in my seat. _ _____ ______ _______ __ __ _____ I think you’re sitting in my seat.

卧铺车厢在哪里 ?	W_e_e i_ t_e s_e_p_r_ Where is the sleeper? W____ i_ t__ s_______ Where is the sleeper? _____ __ ___ ________ Where is the sleeper?
卧铺车厢在这列火车的尾部。	T_e s_e_p_r i_ a_ t_e e_d o_ t_e t_a_n_ The sleeper is at the end of the train. T__ s______ i_ a_ t__ e__ o_ t__ t_____ The sleeper is at the end of the train. ___ _______ __ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ______ The sleeper is at the end of the train.
那么车厢餐厅在哪里 ? 在最前面。	A_d w_e_e i_ t_e d_n_n_ c_r_ – A_ t_e f_o_t_ And where is the dining car? – At the front. A__ w____ i_ t__ d_____ c___ – A_ t__ f_____ And where is the dining car? – At the front. ___ _____ __ ___ ______ ____ _ __ ___ ______ And where is the dining car? – At the front.

我能睡在下铺吗？	C_n I s_e_p b_l_w_ Can I sleep below? C__ I s____ b_____ Can I sleep below? ___ _ _____ ______ Can I sleep below?
我能睡在中铺吗 ?	C_n I s_e_p i_ t_e m_d_l_? Can I sleep in the middle? C__ I s____ i_ t__ m______ Can I sleep in the middle? ___ _ _____ __ ___ _______ Can I sleep in the middle?
我能睡在上铺吗 ?	C_n I s_e_p a_ t_e t_p_ Can I sleep at the top? C__ I s____ a_ t__ t___ Can I sleep at the top? ___ _ _____ __ ___ ____ Can I sleep at the top?

我们什么时候能到边境 ?	W_e_ w_l_ w_ g_t t_ t_e b_r_e_? When will we get to the border? W___ w___ w_ g__ t_ t__ b______ When will we get to the border? ____ ____ __ ___ __ ___ _______ When will we get to the border?
到柏林要行驶多久 ?	H_w l_n_ d_e_ t_e j_u_n_y t_ B_r_i_ t_k_? How long does the journey to Berlin take? H__ l___ d___ t__ j______ t_ B_____ t____ How long does the journey to Berlin take? ___ ____ ____ ___ _______ __ ______ _____ How long does the journey to Berlin take?
火车晚点了吗 ?	I_ t_e t_a_n d_l_y_d_ Is the train delayed? I_ t__ t____ d_______ Is the train delayed? __ ___ _____ ________ Is the train delayed?

您有什么可阅读的吗 ?	D_ y_u h_v_ s_m_t_i_g t_ r_a_? Do you have something to read? D_ y__ h___ s________ t_ r____ Do you have something to read? __ ___ ____ _________ __ _____ Do you have something to read?
这里能买到吃的和喝的吗？	C_n o_e g_t s_m_t_i_g t_ e_t a_d t_ d_i_k h_r_? Can one get something to eat and to drink here? C__ o__ g__ s________ t_ e__ a__ t_ d____ h____ Can one get something to eat and to drink here? ___ ___ ___ _________ __ ___ ___ __ _____ _____ Can one get something to eat and to drink here?
您能在七点钟把我叫醒吗 ?	C_u_d y_u p_e_s_ w_k_ m_ u_ a_ 7 o_c_o_k_ Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock? C____ y__ p_____ w___ m_ u_ a_ 7 o_______ Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock? _____ ___ ______ ____ __ __ __ _ ________ Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock?

常用语手册

语言的发展

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