常用语手册

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31[三十一]

在饭店3

31 [thirty-one]	At the restaurant 3

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语言衍变

我们所生活的世界每天都在改变。我们的语言也因而无法停滞。语言的发展变化如影随行，与时俱进。这种衍变可以涉及某种语言中的任何层面。也就是说，衍变可以是全方位发生的。音韵变化牵涉到一种语言的语音系统。语义变化时，词语的内涵也随之改变。词汇变化包括了词汇量的改变。语法变化会改变原有的语法结构。语言衍变的原因是多样化的。通常会有经济因素存在。说话者或书写者希望能省时省力。因此简化了语言。此外，改革创新也能促使语言发生变化。比如，每当发明新事物时就属于这种情况。这些新事物需要名字，因而出现了新名词。语言衍变大多不是人为计划的。它是一个自然过程，并常常自动发生。然而说话者也可以特意改变语言。当他们想达到一定的语言效果时。同时，外语潮流也会促使语言发生改变。这种现象在全球化时代特别明显。其主要体现为英语对其它语言的影响。今天，几乎在所有语言里都能找到英语词汇的影子。这种现象被称为英国化。自古以来，语言的衍变被人们批判或被恐惧。然而，语言的衍变也是一个积极信号。因为它证明了：我们的语言在活着——如同我们自己！

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我要一个前餐。	I w_u_d l_k_ a s_a_t_r_ I would like a starter. I w____ l___ a s_______ I would like a starter. _ _____ ____ _ ________ I would like a starter.
我要一个色拉/凉菜。	I w_u_d l_k_ a s_l_d_ I would like a salad. I w____ l___ a s_____ I would like a salad. _ _____ ____ _ ______ I would like a salad.
我要一个汤。	I w_u_d l_k_ a s_u_. I would like a soup. I w____ l___ a s____ I would like a soup. _ _____ ____ _ _____ I would like a soup.

我要一个餐后/甜点。	I w_u_d l_k_ a d_s_e_t_ I would like a dessert. I w____ l___ a d_______ I would like a dessert. _ _____ ____ _ ________ I would like a dessert.
我要一个加奶油的冰激淋。	I w_u_d l_k_ a_ i_e c_e_m w_t_ w_i_p_d c_e_m_ I would like an ice cream with whipped cream. I w____ l___ a_ i__ c____ w___ w______ c_____ I would like an ice cream with whipped cream. _ _____ ____ __ ___ _____ ____ _______ ______ I would like an ice cream with whipped cream.
我要水果或是奶酪。	I w_u_d l_k_ s_m_ f_u_t o_ c_e_s_. I would like some fruit or cheese. I w____ l___ s___ f____ o_ c______ I would like some fruit or cheese. _ _____ ____ ____ _____ __ _______ I would like some fruit or cheese.

我们要吃早饭。	W_ w_u_d l_k_ t_ h_v_ b_e_k_a_t_ We would like to have breakfast. W_ w____ l___ t_ h___ b_________ We would like to have breakfast. __ _____ ____ __ ____ __________ We would like to have breakfast.
我们要吃午饭。	W_ w_u_d l_k_ t_ h_v_ l_n_h_ We would like to have lunch. W_ w____ l___ t_ h___ l_____ We would like to have lunch. __ _____ ____ __ ____ ______ We would like to have lunch.
我们要吃晚饭。	W_ w_u_d l_k_ t_ h_v_ d_n_e_. We would like to have dinner. W_ w____ l___ t_ h___ d______ We would like to have dinner. __ _____ ____ __ ____ _______ We would like to have dinner.

您早餐想吃点什么 ?	W_a_ w_u_d y_u l_k_ f_r b_e_k_a_t_ What would you like for breakfast? W___ w____ y__ l___ f__ b_________ What would you like for breakfast? ____ _____ ___ ____ ___ __________ What would you like for breakfast?
加果酱和蜂蜜的面包 ?	R_l_s w_t_ j_m a_d h_n_y_ Rolls with jam and honey? R____ w___ j__ a__ h_____ Rolls with jam and honey? _____ ____ ___ ___ ______ Rolls with jam and honey?
加香肠和奶酪的烤面包吗 ?	T_a_t w_t_ s_u_a_e a_d c_e_s_? Toast with sausage and cheese? T____ w___ s______ a__ c______ Toast with sausage and cheese? _____ ____ _______ ___ _______ Toast with sausage and cheese?

要一个熟鸡蛋吗 ? (指水煮)	A b_i_e_ e_g_ A boiled egg? A b_____ e___ A boiled egg? _ ______ ____ A boiled egg?
要一个煎鸡蛋吗 ?	A f_i_d e_g_ A fried egg? A f____ e___ A fried egg? _ _____ ____ A fried egg?
要一份鸡蛋饼吗 ?	A_ o_e_e_t_? An omelette? A_ o________ An omelette? __ _________ An omelette?

请再来一个酸奶。	A_o_h_r y_g_u_t_ p_e_s_. Another yoghurt, please. A______ y_______ p______ Another yoghurt, please. _______ ________ _______ Another yoghurt, please.
请再来点盐和胡椒粉。	S_m_ s_l_ a_d p_p_e_ a_s_, p_e_s_. Some salt and pepper also, please. S___ s___ a__ p_____ a____ p______ Some salt and pepper also, please. ____ ____ ___ ______ _____ _______ Some salt and pepper also, please.
请再来一杯水。	A_o_h_r g_a_s o_ w_t_r_ p_e_s_. Another glass of water, please. A______ g____ o_ w_____ p______ Another glass of water, please. _______ _____ __ ______ _______ Another glass of water, please.

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语言衍变

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