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34 [thirty-four]

On the train

34 [trettifire]	På toget

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The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?

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Is that the train to Berlin?	E_ d_t_e t_g_t t_l B_r_i_? Er dette toget til Berlin? E_ d____ t____ t__ B______ Er dette toget til Berlin? __ _____ _____ ___ _______ Er dette toget til Berlin?
When does the train leave?	N_r_H_i_k_n t_d k_ø_e_ t_g_t_ Når/Hvilken tid kjører toget? N__________ t__ k_____ t_____ Når/Hvilken tid kjører toget? ___________ ___ ______ ______ Når/Hvilken tid kjører toget?
When does the train arrive in Berlin?	N_r_H_i_k_n t_d a_k_m_e_ t_g_t i B_r_i_? Når/Hvilken tid ankommer toget i Berlin? N__________ t__ a_______ t____ i B______ Når/Hvilken tid ankommer toget i Berlin? ___________ ___ ________ _____ _ _______ Når/Hvilken tid ankommer toget i Berlin?

Excuse me, may I pass?	U_n_k_l_, k_n j_g f_ k_m_e m_g f_r_i_ Unnskyld, kan jeg få komme meg forbi? U________ k__ j__ f_ k____ m__ f_____ Unnskyld, kan jeg få komme meg forbi? _________ ___ ___ __ _____ ___ ______ Unnskyld, kan jeg få komme meg forbi?
I think this is my seat.	J_g t_o_ d_t_e e_ m_n p_a_s_ Jeg tror dette er min plass. J__ t___ d____ e_ m__ p_____ Jeg tror dette er min plass. ___ ____ _____ __ ___ ______ Jeg tror dette er min plass.
I think you’re sitting in my seat.	J_g t_o_ d_ s_t_e_ p_ p_a_s_n m_n_ Jeg tror du sitter på plassen min. J__ t___ d_ s_____ p_ p______ m___ Jeg tror du sitter på plassen min. ___ ____ __ ______ __ _______ ____ Jeg tror du sitter på plassen min.

Where is the sleeper?	H_o_ e_ s_v_k_p_e_? Hvor er sovekupéen? H___ e_ s__________ Hvor er sovekupéen? ____ __ ___________ Hvor er sovekupéen?
The sleeper is at the end of the train.	S_v_k_p_e_ e_ b_k_r_t i t_g_t_ Sovekupéen er bakerst i toget. S_________ e_ b______ i t_____ Sovekupéen er bakerst i toget. __________ __ _______ _ ______ Sovekupéen er bakerst i toget.
And where is the dining car? – At the front.	O_ h_o_ e_ s_i_e_o_n_n_ – H_l_ f_a_m_ i t_g_t_ Og hvor er spisevognen? – Helt framme i toget. O_ h___ e_ s___________ – H___ f_____ i t_____ Og hvor er spisevognen? – Helt framme i toget. __ ____ __ ____________ _ ____ ______ _ ______ Og hvor er spisevognen? – Helt framme i toget.

Can I sleep below?	K_n j_g f_ s_v_ n_d_? Kan jeg få sove nede? K__ j__ f_ s___ n____ Kan jeg få sove nede? ___ ___ __ ____ _____ Kan jeg få sove nede?
Can I sleep in the middle?	K_n j_g f_ s_v_ i m_d_e_? Kan jeg få sove i midten? K__ j__ f_ s___ i m______ Kan jeg få sove i midten? ___ ___ __ ____ _ _______ Kan jeg få sove i midten?
Can I sleep at the top?	K_n j_g f_ s_v_ ø_e_s_? Kan jeg få sove øverst? K__ j__ f_ s___ ø______ Kan jeg få sove øverst? ___ ___ __ ____ _______ Kan jeg få sove øverst?

When will we get to the border?	N_r e_ v_ f_e_m_ v_d g_e_s_n_ Når er vi fremme ved grensen? N__ e_ v_ f_____ v__ g_______ Når er vi fremme ved grensen? ___ __ __ ______ ___ ________ Når er vi fremme ved grensen?
How long does the journey to Berlin take?	H_o_ l_n_e t_r t_r_n t_l B_r_i_? Hvor lenge tar turen til Berlin? H___ l____ t__ t____ t__ B______ Hvor lenge tar turen til Berlin? ____ _____ ___ _____ ___ _______ Hvor lenge tar turen til Berlin?
Is the train delayed?	E_ t_g_t f_r_i_k_t_ Er toget forsinket? E_ t____ f_________ Er toget forsinket? __ _____ __________ Er toget forsinket?

Do you have something to read?	H_r d_ n_e å l_s_? Har du noe å lese? H__ d_ n__ å l____ Har du noe å lese? ___ __ ___ _ _____ Har du noe å lese?
Can one get something to eat and to drink here?	G_r d_t a_ å f_ n_e m_t o_ d_i_k_ h_r_ Går det an å få noe mat og drikke her? G__ d__ a_ å f_ n__ m__ o_ d_____ h___ Går det an å få noe mat og drikke her? ___ ___ __ _ __ ___ ___ __ ______ ____ Går det an å få noe mat og drikke her?
Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock?	K_n d_ v_n_l_g_t v_k_e m_g k_o_k_ s_u_ Kan du vennligst vekke meg klokka sju? K__ d_ v________ v____ m__ k_____ s___ Kan du vennligst vekke meg klokka sju? ___ __ _________ _____ ___ ______ ____ Kan du vennligst vekke meg klokka sju?

Phrasebook

The development of language

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