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81 [eighty-one]

Past tense 1

81 [åttien]	Fortid 1

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The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!

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to write	s_r_v_ skrive s_____ skrive ______ skrive
He wrote a letter.	H_n s_r_v e_ b_e_. Han skrev et brev. H__ s____ e_ b____ Han skrev et brev. ___ _____ __ _____ Han skrev et brev.
And she wrote a card.	O_ h_n s_r_v e_ k_r_. Og hun skrev et kort. O_ h__ s____ e_ k____ Og hun skrev et kort. __ ___ _____ __ _____ Og hun skrev et kort.

to read	l_s_ lese l___ lese ____ lese
He read a magazine.	J_g l_s_e e_ m_g_s_n_ Jeg leste et magasin. J__ l____ e_ m_______ Jeg leste et magasin. ___ _____ __ ________ Jeg leste et magasin.
And she read a book.	O_ h_n l_s_e e_ b_k_ Og hun leste ei bok. O_ h__ l____ e_ b___ Og hun leste ei bok. __ ___ _____ __ ____ Og hun leste ei bok.

to take	t_ ta t_ ta __ ta
He took a cigarette.	H_n t_k e_ s_g_r_t_. Han tok en sigarett. H__ t__ e_ s________ Han tok en sigarett. ___ ___ __ _________ Han tok en sigarett.
She took a piece of chocolate.	H_n t_k e_ s_y_k_ s_o_o_a_e_ Hun tok et stykke sjokolade. H__ t__ e_ s_____ s_________ Hun tok et stykke sjokolade. ___ ___ __ ______ __________ Hun tok et stykke sjokolade.

He was disloyal, but she was loyal.	H_n v_r u_r_, m_n h_n v_r t_o_a_t_ Han var utro, men hun var trofast. H__ v__ u____ m__ h__ v__ t_______ Han var utro, men hun var trofast. ___ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ ________ Han var utro, men hun var trofast.
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.	H_n v_r l_t_ m_n h_n v_r f_i_t_g_ Han var lat, men hun var flittig. H__ v__ l___ m__ h__ v__ f_______ Han var lat, men hun var flittig. ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ___ ________ Han var lat, men hun var flittig.
He was poor, but she was rich.	H_n v_r f_t_i_, m_n h_n v_r r_k_ Han var fattig, men hun var rik. H__ v__ f______ m__ h__ v__ r___ Han var fattig, men hun var rik. ___ ___ _______ ___ ___ ___ ____ Han var fattig, men hun var rik.

He had no money, only debts.	H_n h_d_e i_g_n p_n_e_, m_n g_e_d_ Han hadde ingen penger, men gjeld. H__ h____ i____ p______ m__ g_____ Han hadde ingen penger, men gjeld. ___ _____ _____ _______ ___ ______ Han hadde ingen penger, men gjeld.
He had no luck, only bad luck.	H_n h_d_e i_k_ f_a_s_ m_n u_l_k_. Han hadde ikke flaks, men uflaks. H__ h____ i___ f_____ m__ u______ Han hadde ikke flaks, men uflaks. ___ _____ ____ ______ ___ _______ Han hadde ikke flaks, men uflaks.
He had no success, only failure.	H_n l_k_e_ i_k_, m_n h_n m_s_y_t_s_ Han lyktes ikke, men han mislyktes. H__ l_____ i____ m__ h__ m_________ Han lyktes ikke, men han mislyktes. ___ ______ _____ ___ ___ __________ Han lyktes ikke, men han mislyktes.

He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.	H_n v_r i_k_ f_r_ø_d_ m_n m_s_o_n_y_. Han var ikke fornøyd, men misfornøyd. H__ v__ i___ f_______ m__ m__________ Han var ikke fornøyd, men misfornøyd. ___ ___ ____ ________ ___ ___________ Han var ikke fornøyd, men misfornøyd.
He was not happy, but sad.	H_n v_r i_k_ l_k_e_i_, m_n u_y_k_l_g_ Han var ikke lykkelig, men ulykkelig. H__ v__ i___ l________ m__ u_________ Han var ikke lykkelig, men ulykkelig. ___ ___ ____ _________ ___ __________ Han var ikke lykkelig, men ulykkelig.
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.	H_n v_r i_k_ s_m_a_i_k_ m_n u_y_p_t_s_. Han var ikke sympatisk, men usympatisk. H__ v__ i___ s_________ m__ u__________ Han var ikke sympatisk, men usympatisk. ___ ___ ____ __________ ___ ___________ Han var ikke sympatisk, men usympatisk.

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The history of linguistics

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