English US » Indonesian | 81 [eighty-one] | Past tense 1

81 [delapan puluh satu] Masa lampau 1

to write	menulis
He wrote a letter.	Dia (telah) menulis sebuah surat.
And she wrote a card.	Dia juga (telah) menulis sebuah kartu.
to read	membaca
He read a magazine.	Dia (telah) membaca sebuah majalah.
And she read a book.	Dan dia (telah) membaca sebuah buku.
to take	mengambil
He took a cigarette.	Dia (telah) mengambil sebatang rokok.
She took a piece of chocolate.	Dia (telah) mengambil sepotong cokelat.
He was disloyal, but she was loyal.	Dia (laki-laki) (dulu) tidak setia, tapi dia (perempuan) (dulu) setia.
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.	Dia (laki-laki) (dulu) pemalas, tapi dia (perempuan) (dulu) rajin.
He was poor, but she was rich.	Dia (laki-laki) (dulu) miskin, tapi dia (perempuan) (dulu) kaya.
He had no money, only debts.	(Dulu) dia tidak memiliki uang, tapi hutang.
He had no luck, only bad luck.	(Dulu) dia tidak memiliki keberuntungan, melainkan kesialan.
He had no success, only failure.	(Dulu) dia tidak memiliki kesuksesan, melainkan kegagalan.
He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.	(Dulu) dia tidak puas, juga kecewa.
He was not happy, but sad.	(Dulu) dia tidak bahagia, juga nelangsa.
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.	(Dulu) dia bukan orang yang simpatik, tapi menyebalkan.

The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!