Phrasebook

MP3 About the book

44 [forty-four]

Going out in the evening

44 [empat puluh empat]	Keluar pada malam hari

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Genes influence language

The language we speak is dependent on our ancestry. But our genes are also responsible for our language. Scottish researchers have come to this conclusion. They examined how English differs from Chinese. In doing so they discovered that genes play a role, too. Because genes influence the development of our brain. That is to say, they shape our brain structures. With this, our ability to learn languages is determined. Variants of two genes are crucial to this. If a particular variant is scarce, tonal languages develop. So tonal languages are spoken by people without these gene variants. In tonal languages, the meaning of words is determined by the pitch of the tones. Chinese is included in the tonal languages, for example. If this gene variant is dominant, however, other languages develop. English is not a tonal language. The variants of this gene are not evenly distributed. That means they occur with differing frequency in the world. But languages only survive if they are passed down. In order to do this, children must be able to imitate the language of their parents. So they must be able to learn the language well. Only then will it be passed down from generation to generation. The older gene variant is the one that promotes tonal languages. So there were probably more tonal languages in the past than there are today. But one mustn't overestimate the genetic components. They can only add to explaining the development of languages. But there isn't a gene for English, or a gene for Chinese. Anybody can learn any language. You don't need genes for that, but rather only curiosity and discipline!

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Is there a disco here?	A_a_a_ a_a d_s_o_e_ d_ s_n_? Apakah ada diskotek di sini? A_____ a__ d_______ d_ s____ Apakah ada diskotek di sini? ______ ___ ________ __ _____ Apakah ada diskotek di sini?
Is there a nightclub here?	A_a_a_ a_a k_u_ m_l_m d_ s_n_? Apakah ada klub malam di sini? A_____ a__ k___ m____ d_ s____ Apakah ada klub malam di sini? ______ ___ ____ _____ __ _____ Apakah ada klub malam di sini?
Is there a pub here?	A_a_a_ a_a b_r d_ s_n_? Apakah ada bar di sini? A_____ a__ b__ d_ s____ Apakah ada bar di sini? ______ ___ ___ __ _____ Apakah ada bar di sini?

What’s playing at the theatre / theater (am.) this evening?	A_a p_r_u_j_k_n a_a d_ t_a_e_ m_l_m i_i_ Ada pertunjukan apa di teater malam ini? A__ p__________ a__ d_ t_____ m____ i___ Ada pertunjukan apa di teater malam ini? ___ ___________ ___ __ ______ _____ ____ Ada pertunjukan apa di teater malam ini?
What’s playing at the cinema / movies (am.) this evening?	A_a f_l_ a_a d_ b_o_k_p m_l_m i_i_ Ada film apa di bioskop malam ini? A__ f___ a__ d_ b______ m____ i___ Ada film apa di bioskop malam ini? ___ ____ ___ __ _______ _____ ____ Ada film apa di bioskop malam ini?
What’s on TV this evening?	A_a a_a_a a_a d_ t_l_v_s_ m_l_m i_i_ Ada acara apa di televisi malam ini? A__ a____ a__ d_ t_______ m____ i___ Ada acara apa di televisi malam ini? ___ _____ ___ __ ________ _____ ____ Ada acara apa di televisi malam ini?

Are tickets for the theatre / theater (am.) still available?	A_a m_s_h a_a t_k_t u_t_k t_a_e_? Apa masih ada tiket untuk teater? A__ m____ a__ t____ u____ t______ Apa masih ada tiket untuk teater? ___ _____ ___ _____ _____ _______ Apa masih ada tiket untuk teater?
Are tickets for the cinema / movies (am.) still available?	A_a m_s_h a_a t_k_t u_t_k b_o_k_p_ Apa masih ada tiket untuk bioskop? A__ m____ a__ t____ u____ b_______ Apa masih ada tiket untuk bioskop? ___ _____ ___ _____ _____ ________ Apa masih ada tiket untuk bioskop?
Are tickets for the football / soccer am. game still available?	A_a m_s_h a_a t_k_t u_t_k p_r_a_d_n_a_ b_l_? Apa masih ada tiket untuk pertandingan bola? A__ m____ a__ t____ u____ p___________ b____ Apa masih ada tiket untuk pertandingan bola? ___ _____ ___ _____ _____ ____________ _____ Apa masih ada tiket untuk pertandingan bola?

I want to sit in the back.	S_y_ i_g_n d_d_k p_l_n_ b_l_k_n_. Saya ingin duduk paling belakang. S___ i____ d____ p_____ b________ Saya ingin duduk paling belakang. ____ _____ _____ ______ _________ Saya ingin duduk paling belakang.
I want to sit somewhere in the middle.	S_y_ i_g_n d_d_k d_ t_n_a_. Saya ingin duduk di tengah. S___ i____ d____ d_ t______ Saya ingin duduk di tengah. ____ _____ _____ __ _______ Saya ingin duduk di tengah.
I want to sit at the front.	S_y_ i_g_n d_d_k p_l_n_ d_p_n_ Saya ingin duduk paling depan. S___ i____ d____ p_____ d_____ Saya ingin duduk paling depan. ____ _____ _____ ______ ______ Saya ingin duduk paling depan.

Could you recommend something?	A_a_a_ A_d_ d_p_t m_m_e_i s_r_n k_p_d_ s_y_? Apakah Anda dapat memberi saran kepada saya? A_____ A___ d____ m______ s____ k_____ s____ Apakah Anda dapat memberi saran kepada saya? ______ ____ _____ _______ _____ ______ _____ Apakah Anda dapat memberi saran kepada saya?
When does the show begin?	K_p_n m_l_i p_r_u_j_k_n_y_? Kapan mulai pertunjukannya? K____ m____ p______________ Kapan mulai pertunjukannya? _____ _____ _______________ Kapan mulai pertunjukannya?
Can you get me a ticket?	D_p_t_a_ A_d_ m_n_a_a_k_n t_k_t u_t_k s_y_? Dapatkah Anda mendapatkan tiket untuk saya? D_______ A___ m__________ t____ u____ s____ Dapatkah Anda mendapatkan tiket untuk saya? ________ ____ ___________ _____ _____ _____ Dapatkah Anda mendapatkan tiket untuk saya?

Is there a golf course nearby?	A_a_a_ d_ d_k_t s_n_ a_a l_p_n_a_ g_l_? Apakah di dekat sini ada lapangan golf? A_____ d_ d____ s___ a__ l_______ g____ Apakah di dekat sini ada lapangan golf? ______ __ _____ ____ ___ ________ _____ Apakah di dekat sini ada lapangan golf?
Is there a tennis court nearby?	A_a_a_ d_ d_k_t s_n_ a_a l_p_n_a_ t_n_s_ Apakah di dekat sini ada lapangan tenis? A_____ d_ d____ s___ a__ l_______ t_____ Apakah di dekat sini ada lapangan tenis? ______ __ _____ ____ ___ ________ ______ Apakah di dekat sini ada lapangan tenis?
Is there an indoor swimming pool nearby?	A_a_a_ d_ d_k_t s_n_ a_a k_l_m r_n_n_ d_ d_l_m r_a_g_n_ Apakah di dekat sini ada kolam renang di dalam ruangan? A_____ d_ d____ s___ a__ k____ r_____ d_ d____ r_______ Apakah di dekat sini ada kolam renang di dalam ruangan? ______ __ _____ ____ ___ _____ ______ __ _____ ________ Apakah di dekat sini ada kolam renang di dalam ruangan?

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Genes influence language

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