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81 [eighty-one]

Past tense 1

81 [osamdeset i jedan]	Prošlost 1

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The history of linguistics

Languages have always fascinated mankind. The history of linguistics is therefore very long. Linguistics is the systematic study of language. Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language. In doing so, different cultures developed different systems. As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged. Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else. Many traditions were established in Greece in particular. The oldest known work about language comes from India, however. It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana. In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages. Later, Roman authors developed their theories further. Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century. Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language. In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from. Scholars were especially interested in the history of language. In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other. They wanted to understand how languages develop. Later they concentrated on languages as a system. The question of how languages function was the focal point. Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics. Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties. These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences. Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication. The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized. One example of this is feminist linguistics. So the history of linguistics continues… As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!

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to write	p_s_t_ pisati p_____ pisati ______ pisati
He wrote a letter.	O_ j_ n_p_s_o p_s_o_ On je napisao pismo. O_ j_ n______ p_____ On je napisao pismo. __ __ _______ ______ On je napisao pismo.
And she wrote a card.	A o_a j_ n_p_s_l_ r_z_l_d_i_u_ A ona je napisala razglednicu. A o__ j_ n_______ r___________ A ona je napisala razglednicu. _ ___ __ ________ ____________ A ona je napisala razglednicu.

to read	č_t_t_ čitati č_____ čitati ______ čitati
He read a magazine.	O_ j_ č_t_o i_u_t_o_a_i č_s_p_s_ On je čitao ilustrovani časopis. O_ j_ č____ i__________ č_______ On je čitao ilustrovani časopis. __ __ _____ ___________ ________ On je čitao ilustrovani časopis.
And she read a book.	A o_a j_ č_t_l_ k_j_g_. A ona je čitala knjigu. A o__ j_ č_____ k______ A ona je čitala knjigu. _ ___ __ ______ _______ A ona je čitala knjigu.

to take	u_e_i uzeti u____ uzeti _____ uzeti
He took a cigarette.	O_ j_ u_e_ c_g_r_t_. On je uzeo cigaretu. O_ j_ u___ c________ On je uzeo cigaretu. __ __ ____ _________ On je uzeo cigaretu.
She took a piece of chocolate.	O_a j_ u_e_a k_m_d č_k_l_d_. Ona je uzela komad čokolade. O__ j_ u____ k____ č________ Ona je uzela komad čokolade. ___ __ _____ _____ _________ Ona je uzela komad čokolade.

He was disloyal, but she was loyal.	O_ j_ b_o n_v_e_a_, a_i j_ o_a b_l_ v_e_n_. On je bio nevjeran, ali je ona bila vjerna. O_ j_ b__ n________ a__ j_ o__ b___ v______ On je bio nevjeran, ali je ona bila vjerna. __ __ ___ _________ ___ __ ___ ____ _______ On je bio nevjeran, ali je ona bila vjerna.
He was lazy, but she was hard-working.	O_ j_ b_o l_j_n_ a_i j_ o_a b_l_ v_i_e_n_. On je bio lijen, ali je ona bila vrijedna. O_ j_ b__ l_____ a__ j_ o__ b___ v________ On je bio lijen, ali je ona bila vrijedna. __ __ ___ ______ ___ __ ___ ____ _________ On je bio lijen, ali je ona bila vrijedna.
He was poor, but she was rich.	O_ j_ b_o s_r_m_š_n_ a_i j_ o_a b_l_ b_g_t_. On je bio siromašan, ali je ona bila bogata. O_ j_ b__ s_________ a__ j_ o__ b___ b______ On je bio siromašan, ali je ona bila bogata. __ __ ___ __________ ___ __ ___ ____ _______ On je bio siromašan, ali je ona bila bogata.

He had no money, only debts.	O_ n_j_ i_a_ n_v_a_ v_ć d_g_v_. On nije imao novca, već dugove. O_ n___ i___ n_____ v__ d______ On nije imao novca, već dugove. __ ____ ____ ______ ___ _______ On nije imao novca, već dugove.
He had no luck, only bad luck.	O_ n_j_ i_a_ s_e_e_ v_ć p_h_ On nije imao sreće, već peh. O_ n___ i___ s_____ v__ p___ On nije imao sreće, već peh. __ ____ ____ ______ ___ ____ On nije imao sreće, već peh.
He had no success, only failure.	O_ n_j_ i_a_ u_p_e_, v_ć n_u_p_e_. On nije imao uspjeh, već neuspjeh. O_ n___ i___ u______ v__ n________ On nije imao uspjeh, već neuspjeh. __ ____ ____ _______ ___ _________ On nije imao uspjeh, već neuspjeh.

He was not satisfied, but dissatisfied.	O_ n_j_ b_o z_d_v_l_a_, v_ć n_z_d_v_l_a_. On nije bio zadovoljan, već nezadovoljan. O_ n___ b__ z__________ v__ n____________ On nije bio zadovoljan, već nezadovoljan. __ ____ ___ ___________ ___ _____________ On nije bio zadovoljan, već nezadovoljan.
He was not happy, but sad.	O_ n_j_ b_o s_e_a_, v_ć n_s_e_a_. On nije bio sretan, već nesretan. O_ n___ b__ s______ v__ n________ On nije bio sretan, već nesretan. __ ____ ___ _______ ___ _________ On nije bio sretan, već nesretan.
He was not friendly, but unfriendly.	O_ n_j_ b_o s_m_a_i_a_, v_ć a_t_p_t_č_n_ On nije bio simpatičan, već antipatičan. O_ n___ b__ s__________ v__ a___________ On nije bio simpatičan, već antipatičan. __ ____ ___ ___________ ___ ____________ On nije bio simpatičan, već antipatičan.

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The history of linguistics

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