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34 [thirty-four]

On the train

34 [trenta-quatre]	Al tren

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The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?

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Is that the train to Berlin?	Q_e é_ a_u_s_ e_ t_e_ a B_r_í_? Que és aquest el tren a Berlín? Q__ é_ a_____ e_ t___ a B______ Que és aquest el tren a Berlín? ___ __ ______ __ ____ _ _______ Que és aquest el tren a Berlín?
When does the train leave?	Q_a_ s_r_ e_ t_e_? Quan surt el tren? Q___ s___ e_ t____ Quan surt el tren? ____ ____ __ _____ Quan surt el tren?
When does the train arrive in Berlin?	Q_a_ a_r_b_ e_ t_e_ a B_r_í_? Quan arriba el tren a Berlín? Q___ a_____ e_ t___ a B______ Quan arriba el tren a Berlín? ____ ______ __ ____ _ _______ Quan arriba el tren a Berlín?

Excuse me, may I pass?	P_r_ó_ q_e p_c p_s_a_? Perdó, que puc passar? P_____ q__ p__ p______ Perdó, que puc passar? ______ ___ ___ _______ Perdó, que puc passar?
I think this is my seat.	C_e_ q_e é_ e_ m_u s_i_n_. Crec que és el meu seient. C___ q__ é_ e_ m__ s______ Crec que és el meu seient. ____ ___ __ __ ___ _______ Crec que és el meu seient.
I think you’re sitting in my seat.	C_e_ q_e v_s_è e_t_ a_s_g_t a_ m_u l_o_. Crec que vostè està assegut al meu lloc. C___ q__ v____ e___ a______ a_ m__ l____ Crec que vostè està assegut al meu lloc. ____ ___ _____ ____ _______ __ ___ _____ Crec que vostè està assegut al meu lloc.

Where is the sleeper?	O_ é_ e_ c_t_e_l_i_? On és el cotxe-llit? O_ é_ e_ c__________ On és el cotxe-llit? __ __ __ ___________ On és el cotxe-llit?
The sleeper is at the end of the train.	E_ c_t_e_l_i_ é_ a l_ c_a d_l t_e_. El cotxe-llit és a la cua del tren. E_ c_________ é_ a l_ c__ d__ t____ El cotxe-llit és a la cua del tren. __ __________ __ _ __ ___ ___ _____ El cotxe-llit és a la cua del tren.
And where is the dining car? – At the front.	O_ é_ e_ r_s_a_r_n_? – E_ e_ c_p_ On és el restaurant? – En el cap. O_ é_ e_ r__________ – E_ e_ c___ On és el restaurant? – En el cap. __ __ __ ___________ _ __ __ ____ On és el restaurant? – En el cap.

Can I sleep below?	P_c d_r_i_ a s_t_? Puc dormir a sota? P__ d_____ a s____ Puc dormir a sota? ___ ______ _ _____ Puc dormir a sota?
Can I sleep in the middle?	P_c d_r_i_ a_ m_g_ Puc dormir al mig? P__ d_____ a_ m___ Puc dormir al mig? ___ ______ __ ____ Puc dormir al mig?
Can I sleep at the top?	P_c d_r_i_ a d_l_? Puc dormir a dalt? P__ d_____ a d____ Puc dormir a dalt? ___ ______ _ _____ Puc dormir a dalt?

When will we get to the border?	Q_a_ s_r_m a l_ f_o_t_r_? Quan serem a la frontera? Q___ s____ a l_ f________ Quan serem a la frontera? ____ _____ _ __ _________ Quan serem a la frontera?
How long does the journey to Berlin take?	Q_a_t d_r_ e_ v_a_g_ a B_r_í_? Quant dura el viatge a Berlín? Q____ d___ e_ v_____ a B______ Quant dura el viatge a Berlín? _____ ____ __ ______ _ _______ Quant dura el viatge a Berlín?
Is the train delayed?	Q_e e_ t_e_ t_ r_t_r_? Que el tren té retard? Q__ e_ t___ t_ r______ Que el tren té retard? ___ __ ____ __ _______ Que el tren té retard?

Do you have something to read?	T_n_u r_s p_r l_e_i_? Teniu res per llegir? T____ r__ p__ l______ Teniu res per llegir? _____ ___ ___ _______ Teniu res per llegir?
Can one get something to eat and to drink here?	Q_e e_ p_t d_m_n_r d_ m_n_a_ i b_u_e a_u_? Que es pot demanar de menjar i beure aquí? Q__ e_ p__ d______ d_ m_____ i b____ a____ Que es pot demanar de menjar i beure aquí? ___ __ ___ _______ __ ______ _ _____ _____ Que es pot demanar de menjar i beure aquí?
Could you please wake me up at 7 o’clock?	E_ p_d_u d_s_e_t_r a l_s 7_0_ d_l m_t_? Em podeu despertar a les 7:00 del matí? E_ p____ d________ a l__ 7___ d__ m____ Em podeu despertar a les 7:00 del matí? __ _____ _________ _ ___ ____ ___ _____ Em podeu despertar a les 7:00 del matí?

Phrasebook

The development of language

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