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56 [fifty-six]

Feelings

56 [kvindek ses]	Sentoj

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The language of our ancestors

Modern languages can be analyzed by linguists. Various methods are used to do so. But how did people speak thousands of years ago? It is much more difficult to answer this question. Despite this, scientists have been busy researching for years. They would like to explore how people spoke earlier. In order to do this, they attempt to reconstruct ancient speech forms. American scientists have now made an exciting discovery. They analyzed more than 2,000 languages. In particular they analyzed the sentence structure of the languages. The results of their study were very interesting. About half of the languages had the S-O-V sentence structure. That is to say, the sentences are ordered by subject, object and verb. More than 700 languages follow the pattern S-V-O. And about 160 languages operate according to the V-S-O system. Only about 40 languages use the V-O-S pattern. 120 languages display a hybrid. On the other hand, O-V-S and O-S-V are distinctly rarer systems. The majority of the analyzed languages use the S-O-V principle. Persian, Japanese and Turkish are some examples. Most living languages follow the S-V-O pattern, however. This sentence structure dominates the Indo-European language family today. Researchers believe that the S-O-V model was used earlier. All languages are based on this system. But then the languages diverged. We don't yet know how that happened. However, the variation of sentence structures must have had a reason. Because in evolution, only that which has an advantage prevails…

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to feel like / want to	e_i emi e__ emi ___ emi
We feel like. / We want to.	N_ e_a_. Ni emas. N_ e____ Ni emas. __ _____ Ni emas.
We don’t feel like. / We do’t want to.	N_ n_ e_a_. Ni ne emas. N_ n_ e____ Ni ne emas. __ __ _____ Ni ne emas.

to be afraid	t_m_ timi t___ timi ____ timi
I’m afraid.	M_ t_m_s_ Mi timas. M_ t_____ Mi timas. __ ______ Mi timas.
I am not afraid.	M_ n_ t_m_s_ Mi ne timas. M_ n_ t_____ Mi ne timas. __ __ ______ Mi ne timas.

to have time	h_v_ t_m_o_ havi tempon h___ t_____ havi tempon ____ ______ havi tempon
He has time.	L_ h_v_s t_m_o_. Li havas tempon. L_ h____ t______ Li havas tempon. __ _____ _______ Li havas tempon.
He has no time.	L_ n_ h_v_s t_m_o_. Li ne havas tempon. L_ n_ h____ t______ Li ne havas tempon. __ __ _____ _______ Li ne havas tempon.

to be bored	e_u_ enui e___ enui ____ enui
She is bored.	Ŝ_ e_u_s_ Ŝi enuas. Ŝ_ e_____ Ŝi enuas. __ ______ Ŝi enuas.
She is not bored.	Ŝ_ n_ e_u_s_ Ŝi ne enuas. Ŝ_ n_ e_____ Ŝi ne enuas. __ __ ______ Ŝi ne enuas.

to be hungry	m_l_a_i malsati m______ malsati _______ malsati
Are you hungry?	Ĉ_ v_ m_l_a_a_? Ĉu vi malsatas? Ĉ_ v_ m________ Ĉu vi malsatas? __ __ _________ Ĉu vi malsatas?
Aren’t you hungry?	Ĉ_ v_ n_ m_l_a_a_? Ĉu vi ne malsatas? Ĉ_ v_ n_ m________ Ĉu vi ne malsatas? __ __ __ _________ Ĉu vi ne malsatas?

to be thirsty	s_i_i soifi s____ soifi _____ soifi
They are thirsty.	Ĉ_ v_ s_i_a_? Ĉu vi soifas? Ĉ_ v_ s______ Ĉu vi soifas? __ __ _______ Ĉu vi soifas?
They are not thirsty.	Ĉ_ v_ n_ s_i_a_? Ĉu vi ne soifas? Ĉ_ v_ n_ s______ Ĉu vi ne soifas? __ __ __ _______ Ĉu vi ne soifas?

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The language of our ancestors

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