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65 [sixty-five]

Negation 2

65 [vyf en sestig]	Ontkenning 2

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Genetic mutation makes speaking possible

Man is the only living creature on Earth that can speak. This distinguishes him from animals and plants. Of course animals and plants also communicate with each other. However, they do not speak a complex syllable language. But why can man speak? Certain physical features are needed in order to be able to speak. These physical features are only found in humans. However, that does not necessarily mean that man developed them. In evolutionary history, nothing happens without a reason. Somewhere along the line, man began to speak. We do not yet know when exactly that was. But something must have happened that gave man speech. Researchers believe that a genetic mutation was responsible. Anthropologists have compared the genetic material of various living beings. It is well known that a particular gene influences speech. People in which it is damaged have problems with speech. They can't express themselves well and have a hard time understanding words. This gene was examined in people, apes, and mice. It is very similar in humans and chimpanzees. Only two small differences can be identified. But these differences make their presence known in the brain. Together with other genes, they influence certain brain activities. Thus humans can speak, whereas apes cannot. However, the riddle of the human language is not yet solved. For the gene mutation alone is not enough to enable speech. Researchers implanted the human gene variant in mice. It didn't give them the ability to speak… But their squeaks made quite a racket!

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Is the ring expensive?	I_ d_e r_n_ d_u_? Is die ring duur? I_ d__ r___ d____ Is die ring duur? __ ___ ____ _____ Is die ring duur?
No, it costs only one hundred Euros.	N_e_ d_t k_s m_a_ n_t e_n_o_d_r_ E_r_. Nee, dit kos maar net eenhonderd Euro. N___ d__ k__ m___ n__ e_________ E____ Nee, dit kos maar net eenhonderd Euro. ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ __________ _____ Nee, dit kos maar net eenhonderd Euro.
But I have only fifty.	M_a_ e_ h_t n_t v_f_i_. Maar ek het net vyftig. M___ e_ h__ n__ v______ Maar ek het net vyftig. ____ __ ___ ___ _______ Maar ek het net vyftig.

Are you finished?	I_ j_ a_ k_a_r_ Is jy al klaar? I_ j_ a_ k_____ Is jy al klaar? __ __ __ ______ Is jy al klaar?
No, not yet.	N_e_ n_g n_e_ Nee, nog nie. N___ n__ n___ Nee, nog nie. ____ ___ ____ Nee, nog nie.
But I’ll be finished soon.	M_a_ e_ s_l b_n_e_o_t k_a_r w_e_. Maar ek sal binnekort klaar wees. M___ e_ s__ b________ k____ w____ Maar ek sal binnekort klaar wees. ____ __ ___ _________ _____ _____ Maar ek sal binnekort klaar wees.

Do you want some more soup?	W_l j_ n_g s_p h_? Wil jy nog sop hê? W__ j_ n__ s__ h__ Wil jy nog sop hê? ___ __ ___ ___ ___ Wil jy nog sop hê?
No, I don’t want anymore.	N_e_ e_ w_l n_e m_e_ h_ n_e_ Nee, ek wil nie meer hê nie. N___ e_ w__ n__ m___ h_ n___ Nee, ek wil nie meer hê nie. ____ __ ___ ___ ____ __ ____ Nee, ek wil nie meer hê nie.
But another ice cream.	M_a_ n_g ’_ r_o_y_. Maar nog ’n roomys. M___ n__ ’_ r______ Maar nog ’n roomys. ____ ___ __ _______ Maar nog ’n roomys.

Have you lived here long?	W_o_ j_ a_ l_n_ h_e_? Woon jy al lank hier? W___ j_ a_ l___ h____ Woon jy al lank hier? ____ __ __ ____ _____ Woon jy al lank hier?
No, only for a month.	N_e_ n_g n_t ’_ m_a_d_ Nee, nog net ’n maand. N___ n__ n__ ’_ m_____ Nee, nog net ’n maand. ____ ___ ___ __ ______ Nee, nog net ’n maand.
But I already know a lot of people.	M_a_ e_ k_n a_ b_i_ m_n_e_ Maar ek ken al baie mense. M___ e_ k__ a_ b___ m_____ Maar ek ken al baie mense. ____ __ ___ __ ____ ______ Maar ek ken al baie mense.

Are you driving home tomorrow?	G_a_ j_ m_r_ h_i_ t_e r_? Gaan jy môre huis toe ry? G___ j_ m___ h___ t__ r__ Gaan jy môre huis toe ry? ____ __ ____ ____ ___ ___ Gaan jy môre huis toe ry?
No, only on the weekend.	N_e_ e_r_ o_r d_e n_w_e_. Nee, eers oor die naweek. N___ e___ o__ d__ n______ Nee, eers oor die naweek. ____ ____ ___ ___ _______ Nee, eers oor die naweek.
But I will be back on Sunday.	M_a_ e_ k_m r_e_s S_n_a_ t_r_g_ Maar ek kom reeds Sondag terug. M___ e_ k__ r____ S_____ t_____ Maar ek kom reeds Sondag terug. ____ __ ___ _____ ______ ______ Maar ek kom reeds Sondag terug.

Is your daughter an adult?	I_ j_u d_g_e_ r_e_s ’_ v_l_a_s_n_? Is jou dogter reeds ’n volwassene? I_ j__ d_____ r____ ’_ v__________ Is jou dogter reeds ’n volwassene? __ ___ ______ _____ __ ___________ Is jou dogter reeds ’n volwassene?
No, she is only seventeen.	N_e_ s_ i_ n_g n_t s_w_n_i_n_ Nee, sy is nog net sewentien. N___ s_ i_ n__ n__ s_________ Nee, sy is nog net sewentien. ____ __ __ ___ ___ __________ Nee, sy is nog net sewentien.
But she already has a boyfriend.	M_a_ s_ h_t a_r_e_s ’_ k_r_l_ Maar sy het alreeds ’n kêrel. M___ s_ h__ a______ ’_ k_____ Maar sy het alreeds ’n kêrel. ____ __ ___ _______ __ ______ Maar sy het alreeds ’n kêrel.

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Genetic mutation makes speaking possible

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